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Anatomy (Karen) > Heart & Pericardium > Flashcards

Heart & Pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the heart location?

A

Sternebrae 1-4 (manubriosternal complex)

Costal cartilages 2-6

T5-T8 (thoracic vertebrae)

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2
Q

What are the layers (and locations) of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous peridcardium (outside)

Serous pericardium (inside)

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3
Q

What are the two types of serous pericardium and their locations?

A

Visceral (outside of heart on epicardium)

Parietal (inner lining of fibrous pericardium)

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4
Q

What type of pericardium forms the two sleeves containing the great vessels?

What structure lies between these two sleeves?

A

Parietal serous pericardium

Transverse pericardial sinus

(Rx: ligatures in bypass)

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5
Q

What is the order of vessels branching from the aorta?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left common carotid
  3. Left sublcavian

SVC is R & L brachiocephalic veins

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What sulcus runs between the RA and RV?

A

Anterior atrioventricular or coronary sulcus

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8
Q

Where is the coronary sulcus located?

A

Between the RA and RV.

aka anterior atrioventricular groove

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9
Q

Where is the anterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Between RV & LV

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What is the location of the posterior AAV groove/coronary sulcus?

A

Delineates where the LV ends and LA begins on the posterior aspect of the heart.

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12
Q

What valve is between the RA and RV?

A

Tricuspid/AV valve

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13
Q

Where is the tricuspid/AV valve?

A

Between RA & RV

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14
Q

What is the musculi pectinati?

A

Ridged muscle on internal anterior wall of RA

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15
Q

What lines the interior anterior wall of the RA?

A

Musculi pectinati and crista terminalis

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16
Q

What is the sinus venarum?

A

Smooth lining of the posterior interior wall of the RA

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17
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

At the right border of the heart

End of the musculi pectinati ridges and beginning of sinus venarum (moving anterior to posterior) inside the RA

18
Q

Venous return of the SVC comes from

A

head, neck, thorax (except heart), upper limbs

19
Q

Venous return from the IVC comes from

A

Everything below diaphragm

abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs

20
Q

What is the function of the coronary sinus?

Where does it enter?

A

Venous return from the coronary vessels of the heart

Enters RA next to IVC

21
Q

What are the names of the vena caval valves?

A

None. SVC has no valve; IVC is rudimentary

22
Q

The fossa ovalis is

A

Remnant depression from foramen ovale in the interatrial septum

Foramen ovale allows bypass of the pulmonary circulation in the developing fetus because the lungs are not oxygenating the blood

23
Q

Which valves are semilunar?

A

Aortic and pulmonary

24
Q

Where are the trabeculae carnae?

A

Internal surface of the ventricles

They stop just before the entrance to the pulmonary valve, at the infindibulum

25
Q

The infindibulum is

A

where the trabeculae carnae of re RV stop before the pulmonary valve

aka conus arteriosus

26
Q

What are the papillary muscles?

A

Specialized trabeculae carnae that attach to the cups of the cuspid valves via chordae tendinae

RV: 3 (to tricuspid)

LV: 2 (to bicuspid)

27
Q

What is unique about the LA relative to the structure of the RA?

A

All of the walls are smooth, except for the appendage with the 4 openings for each pair of pulmonary veins

28
Q

What are the two functions of the fibrous skeleton?

A
  1. Anchors the atrial and ventricular muscle masses together while electrically isolating them
  2. Provides attachements for the base of each valve cusp (the part not attached to the chordae tendinae)
29
Q

What is the structure of the fibrous skeleton?

A

Figure 8/conjoined circles around the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)

2 coronets around the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)

30
Q

Do chordae tendinae open valves, or close valves?

A

Neither. They hold the valve closed to prevent backflow during ventricular contraction (systole) where V pressure exceeds A pressure

31
Q

What is the structure of the semilunar valves?

A

BOTH HAVE 3 CUSPS

Base: attached to interior (intima) surface of the aorta and pulmonary vessels; external to this join lies the coronets of the fibrous skeleton

Apices: free flowing in the centre of the vessels; no muscles, chordae tendinae, etc.

32
Q

Where are the origins of the R & L coronary arteries?

A

In the aortic sinus at the base of the aorta attaching to the LV; in 2/3 aortic cusps

33
Q

What type of tissue is the conducting system made of?

A

Specialized myocardium

34
Q

The SA node sits

A

On the crista terminalis (between musculi pectanati and sinus venarum in RA)

Anterior to the SVC

35
Q

The AV node sits

A

On the posterior wall of the RA, between the tricuspid (AV) valvue and the coronary sinus

36
Q

What is the order of the electrical conduction pathway?

A

SA

conducting fibres

AV

Bundle of His (through fibrous skeleton)

R (Ant) & L (Post) bundle branches (interventricular septum)

Purkinje fibres (ventricular walls)

37
Q

Where does the external nervous innervation come from?

A

Superficual and deep branches of the cardiac plexus at the base of the heart.

PS from vagus

SS from sympathetic trunks

38
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

Right-side structures, (mostly) anterior:

  • descends AAV/coronary sulcus
  • turns posteriorly @ inferior border, via AIC/coronary sulcus
  • gives off the posterior interventricular branch which anastamoses posteriorly with the anterior interventricular branch of LCA
  • the rest continues and anastamoses w/circumflex branch of LCA
39
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

Left-sided structures, (mostly) posterior:

L coronary artery, divides into:

  • anterior interventricular branch via AIV groove, turns at inferior border to anastamose with posterior interventricular branch of RCA
  • circumflex branch via atrioventricular groove to anastamose w/RCA
40
Q

What is the blood supply to the SA & AV nodes?

A

R coronary artery

60% of cases, supplies SA

80-90% of cases, supplies AV

41
Q
A
42
Q
A

Anatomy (Karen) (16 decks)

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