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Anatomy (Karen) > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the dural partitions?

A

Restrict rotatory displacement of the brain

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2
Q

What drains into the dural venous sinuses?

A

veins draining the brain
diploic veins that drain the layers of spongy skull bone
emissary veins from the scalp

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3
Q

The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the

A

maxillary artery

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4
Q

The middle meningeal artery enters the skull via

A

foramen spinosum

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5
Q

The middle meningeal artery lies in which space?

A

epidural

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6
Q

The cerebral veins lie

A

in the subarachnoid space

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7
Q

Tearing of the cerebral veins leads to accumulation of blood in the

A

subdural space, where they enter the superior sagittal sinus

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8
Q

What are the borders of the scalp?

A

External occipital protuberance posteriorly to the supraorbital margins anteriorly, zygomatic arches laterally

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9
Q

What are the layers of the scalp from external to internal?

A

S - skin
C - connective tissue w/neurovascular structures
A - aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis
L - loose connective tissue (allows SCA to slide on skull)
P - pericranium/periosteum

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10
Q

What vessels anastamose in the connective tissue layer of the scalp?

A

Internal and external carotid arteries

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11
Q

Why do scalp wounds bleed profusely?

A
  1. rich anastamosis of carotid arteries in the connective tissue layer
  2. gape due to tension from frontalis and occipitalis if aponeurosis is severed
  3. fibrous septae of the connective tissue layer adhere to vessels and hold them open, restricting constriction that promotes clotting
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12
Q

Emissary veins

A

drain superficial scalp veins into the superior sagittal sinus

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13
Q

Diploic veins

A

drain the diploe layer of the skull into the superior sagittal sinus

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14
Q

What are the layers of the face external to internal?

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Muscles of facial expression
Fascia

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15
Q

Muscles of facial expression are derived from what developmental structure?

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

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16
Q

What nerve supplies the 2nd pharyngeal arch structures/muscles of facial expression?

A

CNVII - Facial

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17
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the skin of the face (anterior to the ears?)

A

CNV - Trigeminal

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18
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

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19
Q

What supplies the skin of the scalp posterior to the ears?

A

Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves C2 (back of head) & C3 (neck); C1 does not have sensory fibres

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20
Q

CNV V1 travels through

A

superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

CNV V2 travels through

A

foramen rotundum

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22
Q

CNV V3 travels through

A

foramen ovale

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23
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid that supply the forehead?

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear

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24
Q

What branches of the external carotid artery supply the face?

A

facial artery, superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery, occipital artery

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25
Q

What vein drains the majority of the face?

A

Facial

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26
Q

Emissary veins from the triangle of the face drains into

A

the facial vein or cavernous sinus

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27
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the face?

A 
Submental nodes
Submandibular nodes
Pre-auricular and parotid nodes
Mastoid nodes
Occipital nodes

all drain to deep cervical nodes

28
Q

What is the parotid gland?

A

serous salivary gland

29
Q

Where does the parotid gland sit?

A

Below the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, in front of the mastoid process and ear, above the angle of the mandible, behind masseter, superficial to the styloid process

30
Q

What is the course of the parotid duct?

A

Over masseter, pierces buccinator, enters mouth at second upper molar

31
Q

What structures lie within the parotid gland (superficial to deep)?

A

CN VII - Facial
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery
parotid lymph nodes (scattered)

32
Q

What are the 5 branches of the pes anserinus?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
33
Q

Motor cranial nerve nuclei are found where in the brainstem?

A

medially

34
Q

Sensory cranial nerve nuclei are found where in the brainstem?

A

laterally

35
Q

Motor cranial nerve columns from medial to lateral are

A

Somatic
Branchial
Visceral

36
Q

Sensory cranial nerve columns from medial to lateral are

A

Visceral
Somatic
Special

37
Q

Somatic motor cranial nerves

A

III, IV, VI, XII

38
Q

Branchial motor cranial nerves

A

V, VII, IX, X, XI

39
Q

Visceral motor cranial nerves

A

III, VII, IX, X

40
Q

What comprises nucleus ambiguus?

A

motor nucleus of IX (stylopharyngeus) and X (levator palati)

41
Q

Nucleus ambiguus is found

A

In the branchial motor column at the medulla posterior to the inferior olive

42
Q

What comprises nucleus solitarius?

A

Rostral (gustatory): VII, IX, X afferents from taste buds
Caudal (visceral sensory): X afferents from the heart and abdominal viscera, IX afferents from baro and chemoreceptors in the carotid body and sinus

43
Q

Where is nucleus solitarius found?

A

In the visceral afferent sensory column at the medulla

44
Q

Nucleus solitarius receives input from which cranial nerves?

A

visceral afferents VII, IX, X

45
Q

Nucleus ambiguus receives input from which cranial nerves?

A

motor IX, X

46
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supplies

A

medial frontal and parietal cortex (including M1 and S1)

47
Q

Anterior choroidal arteries supply

A

deep lateral structures like the optic tract, lateral ventricles, hippocampus

48
Q

Anterior communicating artery gives off branches to what?

A

anterior perforating branches to the optic chiasm and anterior hypothalamus

49
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies

A

Anterior inferior cerebellum

50
Q

Anterior spinal artery supplies

A

antero-medial medulla and ventromedial spinal cord with aortic branches (intercostal and lumbar arteries) and posterior spinal arteries via circumferential anastamoses;

51
Q

Radicular arteries

A

join aortic contributions (intercostal, lumbar) to anterior spinal artery via intervertebral foramen

52
Q

Basilar artery supplies

A

Pons

53
Q

Opthalmic artery is a branch of

A

Internal carotid

54
Q

Internal carotid gives rise to what branches?

A

Opthalmic, anterior choroidal, middle and anterior cerebral

55
Q

Lenticulostriate arteries are a branch of

A

Middle cerebral artery

56
Q

Lenticulostriate arteries supply

A

basal ganglia and internal capsule

57
Q

Middle cerebral artery supplies

A

most of the lateral cortex (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula) including M1 and S1 to all but the lower limb, parieto-occipital association areas and language areas

58
Q

Opthalmic artery supplies

A

eye including retina, top of nasal cavity, frontal scalp

59
Q

Posterior cerebral artery supplies

A

medial and inferior aspects of temporal and occipital lobes (including V1), most of midbrain; perforating branches to posterior hypothalamus and thalamus

60
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery is a branch of

A

Vertebral artery

61
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies

A

posterior inferior cerebellum; postero/dorso-lateral medulla

62
Q

Posterior spinal arteries supply

A

spinal cord w/anterior spinal artery

63
Q

Superior cerebellar artery is a branch of

A

basilar artery

64
Q

Superior cerebellar artery supplies

A

superior cerebellum and colliculi

65
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery is a branch of

A

basilar artery

66
Q

Vertebral artery is a branch of

A

subclavian

67
Q

Vertebral artery supplies

A

ventrolateral medulla (olives) and spinal cord

Anatomy (Karen) (16 decks)

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