21 Flashcards
Legal order of france
3 estates
- 1st=clergy, 2nd=nobles, 3rd=commoners
- borgeoisie=educated, upper middle class 3rd estaters
Louis XV, XVI
-had a financial crisis following War of Austrian Succession and Seven Years War
-Madame Pmpadour-his mistress, no one liked her
XVI-attempted to liberalize economy
-weak leadership style, country drifting back toward financial+political crisis
American Rev/France
French wanted revenge for 7 yrs war defeat
- expenses bankrupted the crown
- lesson of america spurred french to political reform
Financial Crisis
-half of budget went to paying intenrest on debt, 1/4th to military, only 1/5 for state
=no central bank to make credit
-Louis XVI wanted tax on nobles, estate general called into session
National Essemmbly
- general agreement for constitutional monarhcy
- all estates got only 1 vote, despite huge pop. diff
- third estate called itself national assembly
- oath of tennis court=they pledged not to disband until new constitution
Louis XVI dissolved estate general, sent troops and reasserted rule
Revolt of Poor
- bread prices too high
- 1789; a harvest fail, demand for manufactured goods collapsed due to food prices, thousands out of work.
- Bastille destroyed, power of royal army broke
National Assembly decides limited Monarchy
Declaration of rights of man and of the citizen; liberty and representative gov.issued by national assembly
- Women walked to Versailles, invaded national apt. looking for hated Marie Antoinette
- Royal family forced to paris
- con. monarchy declared
- woman excluded
- guilds/monopolies prohibited
- religious freedom gaurnteed
- property of catholic church nationalized and eliminated
foreign reactions to national assembly
Edmund Burke- defended convservatism, inherited privilegaes, predicted reform would lead to tyranny
Mary Wollstonecraft-wrote a vindication of the rights of man, womans rights
Olympia de gouges- same as mary
Louis arrested
- declaration of pillnitz
- Louis XVI try to leave france/arrested
- austria and prussia declare war/marie in their family
- declared war on hapsburg monarch
early war in France/republicanism
- Prussia+Austria crushed french at first
- Legislative Assembly declared country in danger/king imprisoned
- Proclamation of French Republic; Jacobins took over
- Louis executed
- commitee of public safety: dictatorial powers to gov
total war
- gov set bread prices that were affordable
- pastries outlawed as luxuries
- many small businesses nationalized
- Robespierres reign of terror for political crimes
- courts suspended
- 40k executed
- army draft
Napolean Bonaparte
- rose through military, won great victories in italy
- 1799, joined directors who wanted mlitaristic dictator
- rewrote constitution to consolodiate power
- overwhelmingly supported
domestic policies
-civil code of 1804, equal protection for males =national bank of france =centralized state -nobility returned under oath of loyalty -concordat of 1801- pope given power of catholics =women lost rights -only 4 papers allowed to operate -spy network created
Expansion into europe
Treaty of Luneville- send peace feeders into GB/Austria. Rejected, Napolean crushed them
Amiens- treaty with GB, gave napolean much
Battle of Trafalgar-tried to restrict british trade, new war. fleet annihilated by lord nelson
Austerlitz- austrians and russians crushed by nap, coalition collapsed
-napolean controls germany, russia+prussia want peace
grand empire and end
-napolean established satellite kingdmons, controled belgium, holland, north italy, germany
-austria, prussia, russia support france
=nationalism in spain, peinsular war
-Naplean invades Russia, sends 600k men and only 30k come back
-Austria/Prussia/Russia/GB overthrow Napolean
-Louis XVI instated monarch
-Napolean escapes exline, takes control of france for 100 days
-battle of waterloo; allies crush napolean, imprison him off africa
