2.1

Question 1

what are the testes site of?

Answer 1

•testes are the site of sperm and testosterone production

Question 2

where are sperm cells specifically made?

Answer 2

•seminiferous tubules

Question 3

where is testosterone specifically made?

Answer 3

•interstitial cells

Question 4

how are sperm cells made in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 4

•produced from germline cells that divide by meiosis in the seminiferous tubules

Question 5

what is the function of testosterone?

Answer 5

•stimulates sperm production in seminiferous tubules

•stimulates the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland to produce their secretions

Question 6

what do seminal vesicles do?

Answer 6

•secrete a liquid which is rich in fructose which provides energy needed for the sperm to swim

Question 7

what does the prostate gland do?

Answer 7

•secretes a liquid containing enzymes which maintain the fluid medium at the optimum viscosity for sperm mobility.

Question 8

what is semen and what does it contain?

Answer 8

•milky liquid released by the male containing sperm and fluid secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate gland

Question 9

function of seminiferous tubules

Answer 9

•tiny tubes in the testes containing germline cells which divide by meiosis to produce sperm cells

Question 10

function of interstitial cells

Answer 10

•located in the tissue between seminiferous tubules which produce testosterone that then passes into the bloodstream

Question 11

what are the ovaries site of?

Answer 11

•egg, oestrogen and progesterone production

Question 12

how are egg cells (ova) produced?
(function of ovaries)

Answer 12

•germline cells that divide by meiosis form the egg cells (ova)

Question 13

what do the ovaries contain at various stages of development?

Answer 13

•immature ova

Question 14

what is each egg (ovum) surrounded by and what does this do?

Answer 14

•surrounded by a follicle

•protects the egg and secretes the hormone oestrogen

Question 15

what happens to the follicle after ovulation and what does this do?

Answer 15

•the follicle develops into a corpus luteum which secretes the hormone progesterone

Question 16

function of the follicle

Answer 16

•surrounds and protects developing egg

•secretes the hormone oestrogen

Question 17

function of the corpus luteum

Answer 17

•following ovulation the follicle develops into this corpus luteum

•secretes the hormone progesterone

Question 18

function of the oviduct

Answer 18

•site of fertilisation
(here an ovum is fertilised by a sperm cell to produce a zygote)

Question 19

function of the uterus endometrium

Answer 19

•site of implantation of the blastocyst which develops into an embryo

Question 20

function of the cervix

Answer 20

•opening of the uterus which secretes cervical mucus
(important in fertility)

Question 21

describe fertilisation

Answer 21

•mature ova are released into the oviduct where they may be fertilised by a sperm to form a zygote
(haploid nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a diploid zygote)

Question 22

describe embryo formation

Answer 22

•The zygote divides repeatedly by mitosis to form a blastocyst.

•The blastocyst continues along the oviduct and enters the uterus, where it implants into the endometrium

• It then completes its development into an embryo