21-2: Respiratory Organs (pt 2) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 21-2: Respiratory Organs (pt 2) Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

sites of gas exchange between inhaled air and blood of pulmonary capillaries

2
Q

respiratory membrane

A

thin membrane which gasses must cross to get from the air sacs into the blood

3
Q

The walls of the alveoli are made of ___. Each alveolus is surrounded by a ___, made of ___.

A

simple squamos epithelium (type I cells); extensive capillary bed; simple squamos epithelium

4
Q

Gas exchange occurs quickly by ____.

A

diffusion (O2 moves alveolus > blood; CO2 moves blood > alveolus)

5
Q

What cells secrete surfactant?

A

type II cells

6
Q

surfactant

A

phospholipid secreted by type II cells in alveolar walls; form a coat on gas-esposed alveolar surfaces preventing them from collapsing and sticking together when exhaling

7
Q

alveolar macrophages

A

highly phagocytic cells that crawl along internal alveolar surfaces removing dust, debris, and microbes, keeping alveoli sterile

8
Q

lungs

A

pair of cone shaped organs occuping all of the thoracic cavity except the mediastinum

9
Q

apex

A

superior tip of lung just deep to clavicle

10
Q

base

A

inferor surface of lung resting on diaphragm

11
Q

hilum

A

indentation on the medial surface of each lung, where bronchus and pulmonary blood vessels enter

12
Q

Which lung is smaller?

A

left lung is smaller than right because of the heart’s orientation

13
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung?

A

superior and inferior

14
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A

superior, middle, and inferior

15
Q

The lungs are made primarily of ___.

A

elastic connective tissue, making them soft, spongy and elastic organs

16
Q

pleura

A

thin double layered membrane that encloses and protects each lung

17
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer lining the thoracic wall (touching the rib cage)

18
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner layer covering external lung surfaces

19
Q

pleural cavity

A

tiny space between the 2 layers filled with a lubricating fluid that prevents friction between the membranes during breating

20
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane that causes painful friction and stabbing pain with each breath

21
Q

pneumothorax

A

presence of air in the pleural cavity, as from a gunshot wound or stabbing

22
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung