21-3: Mechanics of Breathing Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

exchange of gasses between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs, depending on pressure differences.

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2
Q

When the pressure inside the lungs is less than atmospheric pressure, air moves ___.

A

into the lungs

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3
Q

inspiration

A

the process of breathing in

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4
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

the pressure exerted by the air (gases) around the body, 750 mmHg at sea level

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5
Q

intrapulmonary pressure

A

pressure within the alveoli of the lungs; must be less the atmospheric pressure for air to enter lungs

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6
Q

intrapleural pressure

A

pressure in pleural cavity around the lungs, abt 4 mmHg lower (neg pressure)

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7
Q

transpulmonary pressure

A

difference between intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressure, keeps lungs from collapsing

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8
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

when temperature is constant, the pressure of a gas in a closed container varies inversly with the volume of the container. inc V = dec P

The thoracic cavity is the closed container housing the lungs (enclosed by ribs, vertebrae and diaphragm) and the single entrance is the trachea

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9
Q

When the volume of the thorax increases: pressure ___, and air ___.

A

decreases; moves into lungs

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10
Q

When the volume of the thorax decreases: pressure ___, and air ____.

A

increases; moves out of lungs

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11
Q

How does the volume of the thorax increase?

A

contraction of inspiratory muscles (diaphragm and external intercostals)

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12
Q

What is the diaphragm’s role in inspiration?

A

dome shaped skeletal muscle forming floor of thorax

contraction causes it to pull down, flatten, and lengthen the thorax

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13
Q

What is the role of the external intercostals in inspiration?

A

muscles between ribs

contraction pulls ribcage up and out, and thoracic cavity widens

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14
Q

Contraction of the inspiratory muscles causes the size of the thorax to ____, intrapulmonary pressure to ___ atmospheric pressure, and air to ___.

A

increase; drop below; be drawn into lungs

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15
Q

expiration

A

the process of breathing out

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16
Q

Normal expiration is a ___ process, depending on ___.

A

passive; natural elasticity of lungs

17
Q

During expiration, the inspiratory muscles ___, causing: __.

The volume of the thoracic cavity ___, and intrapulmonary pressure is __ atmospheric pressure, causing air to ____.

A

relax; rib cage to move down and diaphragm move back up

decreases; higher; rush out of lungs

18
Q

During expiration, intrapulmonary pressure is ___ atmosphiric pressure.

19
Q

During inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure is ___ atmospheric pressure.

20
Q

Forceful expiration is a(n) ___ process.

21
Q

What muscles are involved in forceful expiration?

A

abdominal and internal intercostal muscles

22
Q

During forceful expiration, the ____ muscles ____, ___ the volume of the thoracic cavity.

What effect does this have on the air in the lungs?

A

abdominal and intercostal muscles contract; further decreasing

more air is forced out of lungs

23
Q

spirometer

A

device used to measure the amount of air flushed in and out of hte lungs during breathing

24
Q

respiratory rate

A

breaths per minute

25
tidal volume
amount of air moved into or out of the lungs wiht each normal quiet breath
26
inspiratory reserve volume
the amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly beyond the tidal volume
27
inspiratory capacity
the total amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration IC = TV + IRV
28
expiratory reserve volume
the maximum amount of air that can be forcibly expired beyond tidal volume
29
vital capacity
the total amount of exchangable air, a maximum expiration following following a maximum inspiration VC = IRV + TV + ERV
30
residual volume
amount of air left in lungs after a maximum expiration (to keep them from collapsing)
31
total lung capacity
the maximum amount of air that the lungs can hold TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV
32
minute ventilation
the total amount of gas that flows into or out of the respirator tract in one minute
33
minute ventilation equation
MTV = TV x RR