2.1 Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the three organelles in a mitochondrion? What are their functions?

Answer 1

1. Double membrane -> controls what exists and enters and folds
2. Cristae -> provide larger surface area for attachment of enzymes and proteins involved in respiration
3. Matrix -> contains proteins, lipids, ribosomes and DNA that enables the organelles to produce its own proteins

Question 2

What does mitochondria produce?

Answer 2

produce ATP (an energy-carrier molecule) from respiratory substrates such as glucose.

Question 3

What are the organelles of a nucleus?

Answer 3

1. nuclear envelope
2. nuclear pores
3. nucleoplasm
4. nucleolus
5. chromatin

Question 4

what is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

1. provides a large surface area for protein synthesis

Question 5

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 5

1. synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates

Question 6

what is the role of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 6

Modifies proteins, preparing them for secretion

Question 7

What are the organelles of a chloroplast?

Answer 7

1. chloroplast envelope
2. the grana -> place of light absorption, made of a stack of thylakoids which contain chlorophyll
3. the stroma -> synthesis of sugars occurs. Starch grains and DNA are found here