2.1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

In a ______ system, matter and energy are exchanged with the environment

Answer 1

Open

Question 2

A ______ is the basic unit of all life

Answer 2

Cell

Question 3

A ______ has many parts that work together for a particular ______

Answer 3

Cell

Goal

Question 4

A ______ maintains the life processes within specialized structures called ______

Answer 4

Cell

Organelles

Question 5

Each ______ has its own function:

• intake of nutrients
• movement
• growth
• response to stimuli
• exchange of gases
• waste removal
• reproduction

Answer 5

Organelle

Question 6

A ______ must work constantly to maintain a fine balance among the different life processes in order to be efficient and conserve ______

Answer 6

Cell

Energy

Question 7

The cell is like a ______. The ______ provides direction while the ______ is where the work is done.

Answer 7

Factory
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Question 8

The ______ (plasma) is the “doorman/bouncer”. It is the protective ______ for the cell. It allows transport of needed materials into the cell and waste materials out.

Answer 8

Cell membrane

Barrier

Question 9

______ are small membrane sacs pinched off of the cell membrane. It stores or transports materials in and out of the cell.

Answer 9

Vesicles

Question 10

The ______ is “where the action happens”. It is a gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains the nutrients required to carry out the cell functions. Organelles are suspended in it.

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

The ______ is “the brain”. It is the organelle that controls the functions of the cell and it directs cellular activities. It contains genetic material (DNA or chromosomes)

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

Together, the cytoplasm and the nucleus are called the ______

Answer 12

Protoplasm

Question 13

The ______ is the region to the nucleus where ribosomes are produced

Answer 13

Nucleolus

Question 14

The ______ is the “big factory complex” and it is a series of interconnected small tubes that branch from the nuclear envelope. It transports materials. It can be rough or ______.

Answer 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth

Question 15

______ ER is when ribosomes are attached to the ER and is associated with with protein ______ (making of protein)

Answer 15

Rough

Synthesis

Question 16

______ ER is associated with fat and oil production, there are NO RIBOSOMES

Answer 16

Smooth

Question 17

______ are part of the “small factory” and they are small granules that are the sites where amino acids are assembled into ______ (protein synthesis). May be attached to the ______ or free-floating in the ______

Answer 17

Ribosomes
Protein
ER
Cytoplasm

Question 18

______ are “recycling stations”, they are membrane bound sacs in which digestion occurs. Used in ______ against invading pathogens, ______ of damaged organelles, controlled digestion of certain certain tissues during development and they ______ any material the cell can use

Answer 18

Lysosomes
Defence
Destruction
Salvage

Question 19

The ______ is the “packaging plant”. They are flat disk shaped sacs involved in ______. They receive substances (ribosomes, amino acids, protein, oils and fats) from the ER and packages them for transport out of the cell (______). ______ are produced here

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus
Secretion
Exocytosis
Lysosomes

Question 20

The ______ is the “powerhouse” of the cell. This is a rod-like structure where reactions occur to convert chemical energy in ______ into ______ the cell can use (cellular respiration). ______ + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide + H2O + ______.

Answer 20

Mitochondria
Sugars
Energy
Sugar
Energy ⚡️

Question 21

The ______ provides energy for muscle contractions, molecule synthesis, and transportation of molecules (active transport). It has ______ membranes a smooth outer and folded inner (reason: folded to be more efficient). The inner membrane have cristae (finger-like projections).

Answer 21

Mitochondria

2

Question 22

The ______ produces Adenosine TriPhosphate = ATP (energy storage unit) and can reproduce in the cell if more ______ is needed.

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Energy ⚡️

Question 23

The ______ is a “storage warehouse”. It is a membrane bound structure that stores nutrients, products of ______, and fats. In plants, the central ______ contains water, increasing tugor pressure (crunchy greens)

Answer 23

Vacuole
Secretion
Vacuole

Question 24

Name 2 structures that are ONLY in PLANT cells

Answer 24

Cell wall

Chloroplasts

Question 25

The ______ is only in plants, fungus, and bacteria. It protects and supports. Made of complex carbohydrates called ______.

Answer 25

Cell wall

Cellulose

Question 26

______ are only in plants and some protists. They contain ______, a pigment that produces green color 💚(those without it will not have a green color). ______ are the site of photosynthesis (process where ☀️ is used to make energy)

Answer 26

Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts