2.1 Given a scenario, conduct software installations, configurations, updates, and removals

Question 1

What does the .rpm extension indicate?

Answer 1

An .rpm extension indicates a Red Hat package file. Red Hat package files are managed with the rpm command

Question 2

What does the .deb extension indicate?

Answer 2

A .deb extension indicates a Debian package file. Debian package files are managed with the dpkg command

Question 3

What does the .tar extension indicate?

Answer 3

A .tar extension indicates a file that has been created with the tar command

Question 4

What does the .tgz extension indicate?

Answer 4

A .tgz extension indicates a file that has been created with the tar command using the option to compress with the gzip utility

Question 5

What does the .gz extension indicate?

Answer 5

A .gz extension indicates a file that has been created with the gzip command

Question 6

What is the rpm command used for?

Answer 6

The rpm command is useful for installing, upgrading, and removing packages that are already downloaded on your system

Question 7

What command allows you to perform queries?

Answer 7

rpm -qa cups

Question 8

What is the command to manage local Debian packages?

Answer 8

The syntax of the dpkg command is as follows?

dpkg [option] command

Question 9

Describe the apt-get command

Answer 9

Use the apt-get command to manage Debian packages that are located on a repository. This command makes use of the /etc/apt/sources.list file to determine which repository to use

Question 10

What does the apt-cache command do?

Answer 10

The apt-cache command displays package information regarding the package cache

Question 11

What utility is a menu-driven tool designed to make it easy to display, add, and remove packages?

Answer 11

aptitude

Question 12

What is the yum command used for?

Answer 12

The yum command is used to install software from repositories. It can also be used to remove software and display information regarding software

Question 13

What yum command is used to download software packages without installing the software?

Answer 13

The yumdownloader command

Question 14

What is the primary configuration file for yum commands?

Answer 14

The /etc/yum.conf file is the primary configuration file for yum commands

Question 15

What tool was designed and designated as an enhancement and replacement for yum?

Answer 15

The DNF tool is designed as an enhancement and replacement for yum. The majority of the changes were made to the “back end” of the software. Most dnf commands work just like yum commands, only with dnf being the command name.

On the back end, the DNF tool handled dependencies better and addressed some additional YUM deficiencies (such as using older versions of Python). YUM hasn’t been completely replaced, so knowing that either command may be used is important

Question 16

What is the zypper command?

Answer 16

The zypper command is found on SUSE Linux. It is derived from the RPM software suite and works very similar to yum. It has automatic dependence checking and uses repositories. Its command structure and options are almost identical to yum. Here’s an example:

zypper install pkg_name
If you know how to use the yum command, then in most cases you can replace “yum” with “zypper” and the command will work successfully

Question 17

What is the make command used for?

Answer 17

The make command uses a file named Makefile to perform specific operations. The make command is a utility for building and maintaining programs and other types of files from source code. A primary function of the make utility is to determine which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled and to issue the commands necessary to recompile them. Each Makefile is written by the software developer to perform operations related to the software project

Question 18

What is the make install command used for?

Answer 18

The install option for the make command is designed to install code from source on the system. It may also include a compile process, depending on how the software developer created the Makefile

Question 19

What is the ldd command used for?

Answer 19

You can see what shared libraries a specific command uses by using the ldd command

ldd /bin/cp

The purpose of using the ldd command is to troubleshoot problems with code that you are writing. This command tells you not only what libraries are being called, but specifically which directory each library is being called from. This can be extremely useful when a library is not behaving as you would expect it to behave

Question 20

What is a compiler?

Answer 20

A compiler is a utility that takes source code (written in plain-text format) and converts it into executable binary code. There are many different compilers, each designed to work with a specific language. For example, the gcc compiler is used to compile code written in the C or C++ programming language

Question 21

What are shared libraries and where are the file locations on distributions?

Answer 21

Shared libraries are files used by executable programs. They are designed so developers can rely on established code to perform functions.

These shared libraries follow the naming convention libname.so.ver, where name is a unique name for the library and ver is used to indicate the version number of the library (for example, libkpathsea.so.6.1.1)

Normally shared library files are stored in one of the following locations on Linux distributions:

/lib or /lib64

/usr/lib or /usr/lib64

/usr/local/lib or /usr/local/lib64

Question 22

What are repositories?

Answer 22

A repository is a central location where information is stored. For software management, a repository is where software packages are stored. Utilities like apt and yum can connect to a repository, verify package dependencies, and install software packages

Question 23

What is the purpose of syncing repositories?

Answer 23

The process of repository syncing is to duplicate an existing repository onto the local system with the intent of making the local system either a standalone repository or a mirror repository. A mirror repository would need to be updated regularly using the syncing method so it contains the same package information as the original.

To sync a YUM repository, use the reposync command. To sync an APT repository, use the apt-mirror command

Question 24

How can you access repository system locations?

Answer 24

Most repository systems can be accessible via the local file system using FTP or HTTP

Question 25

What are the acquisition commands?

Answer 25

The acquisition commands are wget and curl

Question 26

How is the wget command used?

Answer 26

The wget command is designed to be a noninteractive tool to download files from remote systems via HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP. It is often used within scripts

wget http://onecoursesource.com

Question 27

How is the curl command used?

Answer 27

The curl command allows for noninteractive data transfer from a large number of protocols, including the following:

FTP

FTPS

HTTP

SCP

SFTP

SMB

SMBS

Telnet

TFTP

Although the curl command supports more protocols than the wget command, the wget command can perform recursive downloads and can recover from failed download attempts, making it advantageous in certain situations. The curl command also supports wildcard characters. The goal of both of the commands is essentially the same.

curl http://onecoursesource.com