2.1 individualtistic crime theories

Question 1

Freud’s psychoanalysis

Answer 1

psyche determinism, ID, EGO, SUPEREGO,
disorted superego=crim behaviour
psychoanalysis- transferance analysis, free association

Question 2

Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis

Answer 2

Maternal deprivation hypothesis, critial period/ law of accumalated seperation, affectionless psychopathy, 44 theives
S- empircal evidence, emphasis on social care
W- reinforces gender rigid sterotipes, rutter 1956 privation

Question 3

Eyesencks personality theory

Answer 3

Personally split into 2 dimensions, E VS I
emotion split into 2, N VS E.S
used 1000 questionares
Criminals= high E and N
developed due to conditioning and genetic inheritance
later assess psychotism= crim= high
S- application, questionsres
W- questionares, s.s, reductionist

Question 4

Sutherlands differential association theory

Answer 4

argued indv learn crim behaviour in family/peer groups due to 2 factors:
Imitation- criminal status by observing techniques e.g
Learned attitudes- socialisation with group exposes them to attitudes
S- farrington 1995, 411 men in london 45% crim, 1 of 7 traits in family
W- farrington said education+ poverty play factor, issues with morality, nurture

Question 5

Operant conditioning

Answer 5

skinner box, behaviourism, jeffreys differentential association theory,
S- practical application, study evidence
w- environmental determisnm, anthropormphic

Question 6

Social learning theory

Answer 6

mix behaviourism-+ cognitive
mediational processes A,R, MR, M
bandura 1961 et al
Bandura and walters 1963
S- lab experiments, cultural variations
W- lab evidence, environmental reductionsit, socially sensitive

Question 7

Criminal personality theory

Answer 7

cognition
yochleson and samenow 1976 applied to criminality
240 male offenders addmited to psychiatric hopstisls
interviews+ longitudinal 14 year study to see thinkfing patterns
need for power- limbic system deceision making- prefrontal cortex
S- practical application CBT, case study
W- unrepresentative ( androcentric), no control group

Question 8

Moral development

Answer 8

morality develops in stages,
pre conventional stage
adult stage
crim= less mature stage
S-explanatory power, thornton and reid applied to theft but not violence, interventions
w- people can thinking whulst commiting crime