2.1 Intro to Biochemistry and 2.2 Water Flashcards
Vitalism
The belief that living things have a distinctive “spirit” contained in their bodies, which gives them life.
define molecular biology
explains the living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved
Falsification of vitalism
Friedrich Wöhler synthesized the organic molecule urea in a lab, outside of a mammalian body, which disproved the vitalist theory
5 carbon properties
Atomic number of 6 4 bonds Can form single/double/triple Do not readily dissociate in h2o Can form 3D shapes
4 carbon based compounds
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
describe metabolism
The network of chemical reactions that occur in an organism or cell
what is metabolism catalyzed by
enzymes
two examples of metabolism
Aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis
describe anabolism
synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions
describe catabolism
breakdown of molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of of macromolecules into monomers
difference between alpha and beta glucose
alpha: H up on c1
beta: OH up on c1
describe hydrogen bonding theory
The oxygen atom has 8 positive charges at its nucleus, therefore, it attracts the shared e- more strongly and they spend more time orbiting the O than the H. Hydrogen bonds form when the negatively charged oxygen on one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the positive hydrogen on another.
what are the cohesive and adhesive properties of h2o
polarity of water = sticky. the molecules stick together because of H+ bonds
thermal properties of h2o
Water changes from solid to liquid and gas as more energy is added. Extra energy is required to overcome hydrogen bonds
solvent properties of h2o
substances dissolved in it react with one another
substances that dissolve in water are
hydrophilic
transport of NaCl
ionic, freely transported in blood
transport of O
soluble but in small quantities, most oxygen is transported using haemoglobin in red blood cells
transport of glucose
can travel freely in the blood
transport of amino acids
transported in an ionized state
transport of lipids
polar and hydrophobic; will not dissolve in water
organism- adhesion
keeps leaves moist due to capillary action against gravity
organism- cohesion
basilisk lizards rely on the cohesive nature of water resulting in surface tension
organism- thermal
sweat evaporation
