2.1 (Particles)

Question 1

Mass and charge of a proton

Answer 1

Charge: 1.6 x 10^-19
Mass: 1.673 x 10^-27
Specific charge: The specific charge of the proton = (e / m) = 9.58 × 10^7 C kg^–1

Question 2

Mass and charge of a neutron

Answer 2

Charge: 0
Mass: 1.675 x 10^-27

Question 3

Mass and charge of an electron

Answer 3

Charge: -1.6 x 10^-19
Mass: 9.11 x 10^31
Specific Charge: The specific charge of the electron = (e / me) = 1.76 × 10^11 C kg^–1

Question 4

What forces are there in a nucleus?

Answer 4

Repulsive electrostatic forces
Attractive gravitational forces
Strong nuclear force

Question 5

What does strong nuclear force act on?

Answer 5

The strong nuclear force acts on quarks
The interaction between the quarks in the nucleons keeps them bound within a nucleus

Question 6

Describe the properties of SNF

Answer 6

The strong force is highly repulsive at separations below 0.5 fm
The strong force is very attractive up to a nuclear separation of 3.0 fm
The maximum attractive value occurs at around 1.0 fm, which is a typical value for nucleon separation
The equilibrium position, where the resultant force is zero, occurs at a separation of about 0.5 fm
In comparison to other fundamental forces, the strong nuclear force has a very small range (from 0.5 to 3.0 fm)

Question 7

Compare SNF and electrostatic repulsion

Answer 7

The repulsive electrostatic force between protons has a much larger range than the strong nuclear force
However, it only becomes significant when the proton separation is more than around 2.5 fm
The electrostatic force is influenced by charge, whereas the strong nuclear force is not

Question 8

Give the equation of B+ decay

Answer 8

p -> n + e+ +Ve

Question 9

Compare matter and antimatter particles

Answer 9

Corresponding matter and antimatter particles have:
Opposite charges
The same mass
The same rest mass-energy

Question 10

Rest mass energy (MeV) of protons/antiprotons

Answer 10

938.257

Question 11

Rest mass energy (MeV) of Neutrons/antineutrons

Answer 11

939.552

Question 12

Rest mass energy (MeV) of electrons/positrons

Answer 12

0.510999

Question 13

Rest mass energy (MeV) of neutrino/ antineutrino

Answer 13

0

Question 14

Mass of a proton/antiproton

Answer 14

1.673 x 10^-27

Question 15

Mass of a neutron/antineutron

Answer 15

1.675 x 10^-27

Question 16

Mass of a electron/positron

Answer 16

9.11x 10^-31

Question 17

Mass of a neutrino/antineutrino

Answer 17

~0

Question 18

What is h and where is it used?

Answer 18

Plancks constant (Js)
Energy of a photon
E=hf
E=hc/lambda

Question 19

What is c and what is its value?

Answer 19

speed of light
300,000,000 ms^-1