2.1 Plots and Revolts at Home Flashcards
What year were Europeans first aware of the New World?
1492
What year did Philip II invade England with the Armada?
1588
When was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
1569
What did the Pope do in 1570 to Elizabeth? What effect did this have (Explanatory connective)?
Excommunicated her. THIS MEANT THAT Catholics could freely plot towards Elizabeth as they no longer owed her a duty of obedience as they no longer saw her as rightful monarch.
When were Catholic priests first smuggled into England from Europe to keep Catholics true to their faith?
1574
When did MQS flee to England?
1568
How did Spain have influence over the Americas?
It had a large and growing empire there, making it rich and powerful.
Philip II of Spain persecuted Dutch Protestants. This led to a revolt in what year? How long did it last?
1566, lasting decades.
When was a Spanish army sent to the Netherlands?
1567
What is the term for the relationship between England and Spain?
Anglo-Spanish relations
Why did the Northern Earls rebel in 1569? (4 key reasons)
- The earls and their followers wanted Catholicism restored in England.
- The earls had lost a great deal of their influence at court since Elizabeth became queen in 1558
- Elizabeth refused to name an heir or marry and have a child, creating uncertainty about the future of England’s monarchy.
- MQS in captivity in England was a figurehead who could replace Elizabeth and resolve the issues the earls had.
Who was the Earl of Northumberland and why was he key in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Thomas Percy
He was catholic, and had an important position in Mary I’s court, but this was lost when Elizabeth took over, and with that he lost influence and was replaced with new, favoured, Protestant gentry.
He also lost the rights to a valuable, newly discovered copper mine found on his lands to the Queen in 1567.
Who was the Earl of Westmorland and why was he key in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Charles Neville
He was from an important Catholic family in the north of England and was the Duke of Norfolk’s brother in law.
Who was the Duke of Norfolk and why was he key in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Thomas Howard
One of England’s most senior nobles and Protestant. He had close links to the old, northern Catholic families too. He disliked newcomers like William Cecil and Robert Dudley. As part of the plan he was to marry MQS.
He later backed down and urged the earls to call off the rebellion.
How was MQS involved in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
She met the Duke of Norfolk when fleeing to England in 1568, and she supported his plan to marry her and maybe take the English throne.
Who was Jane Neville and how was she involved in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
She was Charles Neville’s wife and the Duke of Norfolk’s sister. She encouraged her husband to carry on with the rebellion. This way, if they succeeded, she would be sister-in-law to the Queen of England.
Who was Ann Percy and what was her role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
She was the wife of the Earl of Northumberland and encouraged her husband in the rebellion.
Who did Elizabeth appoint as the Archbishop of Durham in 1561?
James Pilkington (Protestant)
Why did Elizabeth appoint James Pilkington?
In an attempt to reduce the influence of Catholicism in the North.
What was the result of appointing James Pilkington?
Nothing really - northerners turned against him and England’s new religion as he was very unpopular because of how much he imposed Protestantism.
Why was politics important in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Elizabeth favoured Protestant nobles, so people such as the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland weren’t favoured and had much less influence.
What might happen if Elizabeth died before she declared an heir?
England could be thrown into confusion and a civil war might be initiated.
Why would the marriage between the Duke of Norfolk and MQS have been good?
The Duke of Norfolk was Protestant so their heirs would be too. This would provide Protestant heirs to the throne.
Give three reasons why the marriage between the Duke of Norfolk and MQS did not happen.
- Marriages of nobility members needed the Queen’s consent.
- Elizabeth had made it clear that the succession was a matter of royal prerogative.
- The Duke of Norfolk was close to the Earls leading the revolt, where MQS would be a better ruler.
Was the marriage between MQS and the Duke of Norfolk treason?
No
Definition of conspiracy.
A secret plan with the aim of doing something against the law.
When was Elizabeth informed of the plot?
September 1569
Who informed Elizabeth of the Revolt of the Northern Earls’ plot?
Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester)
What city would the Earls first take control of?
Durham
When would the Revolt of the Northern Earls take place?
November-December 1569
Where were the troops going to go after taking control of Durham cathedral in the Revolt?
South, to London.
Who would the troops meet in 1569?
The Duke of Norfolk.
In the Revolt of the Northern Earls, how many Spanish troops were going to land in Hartlepool to support rebel forces?
Several thousand
What was the Duke of Norfolk going to do in London when he was met by rebel forces in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Seize control of the government in London and overthrow Elizabeth I.
Who would overthrow any resistance to the Revolt of the Northern Earls once they had taken the government in London?
The Spanish troops.
Who would rule when Elizabeth was overthrown in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
MQS
What action did Elizabeth take when she found out about the plot?
She arrested Norfolk, so he was sent to the Tower of London on 1st November 1569.
After the arrest of Norfolk, what happened with the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
They carried on.
Were the Earls successful in taking Durham?
Yes, it meant that James Pilkington fled south. They destroyed any evidence of Protestantism and celebrated a full Catholic mass over the next fortnight.
When the Earls were advancing in the Revolt of the Northern Earls, where was MQS moved? Why?
South to Coventry:
1. She didn’t want Mary to escape.
2. Less Catholic influence.
Why did the Revolt of the Northern Earls fail? (2 reasons)
- The Spanish troops never showed up.
- Elizabeth raised 14,000 men for her cause.
List in detail the first of 9 stages of the Revolt of Northern Earls.
- 9th November
Midnight, bells are rung at the Earl of Northumberland’s residence of Topcliffe. This starts the rebellion and the Earl of Westmoreland’s forces are assembled at Durham.
