2.1 Producing New Cells Flashcards
Stage 1 of mitosis
The chromosomes coil, condense, and become visible
Stage 2 of mitosis
The chromosomes duplicate
Stage 3 of mitosis
The nuclear membrane disintegrates
Stage 4 of mitosis
The chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
Stage 5 of mitosis
Spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell
Stage 6 of mitosis
The nuclear membrane reforms and the cytoplasm divides around the two groups of chromatids
Stage 7 of mitosis
Two genetically identical daughter cells are formed
What is the function of mitosis?
To produce new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissues, and maintaining the diploid chromosome complement
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
A chromosome consists of two identical halves (chromatids) joined at a central point called the centromere
What is a chromosome complement?
The specific number of chromosomes in an organism’s cells
Why is maintaining the diploid chromosome complement important?
So there is no loss of genetic information
What does diploid mean?
A diploid cell has 2 matching sets of chromosomes (most cells in the body)
What does haploid mean?
A haploid cell has only 1 set of chromosomes (gametes only)
What is a stem cell?
An unspecialised cell
What are the two types of stem cells?
Embryonic and Adult/Tissue stem cells
