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GCSE Biology 3.2 Transporting Materials > 2.1 The Circulatory System and The Heart > Flashcards

2.1 The Circulatory System and The Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Which organisms have transport systems?

A

Large organisms

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2
Q

What is the human circulatory system made up of?

A
  • blood vessels
  • the heart
  • blood
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3
Q

What is the heart?

A

A muscular organ that pumps blood around the body

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4
Q

How many pumps make up the heart?

A

2 pumps held together

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5
Q

Name 6 things that get carried around in the blood

A
  • products of digestion
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • waste products
  • hormones
  • white blood cells
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6
Q

Why is the circulatory system known as a double circulatory system?

A

Because blood enters and leaves the system twice before making a full circulation

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7
Q

What make up the blood vessels?

A
  • veins
  • arteries
  • capillaries
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8
Q

What do veins do?

A

Bring blood to the heart

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9
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Bring blood away from the heart

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10
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Connect the veins to the arteries and they are also where substances are exchanged

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11
Q

What make up the blood?

A
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • plasma
  • platelets
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12
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

The liquid part of the blood that everything dissolves in

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13
Q

What colour is plasma?

A

Yellow

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14
Q

What does the plasma carry?

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • glucose to the organs
  • urea to the kidneys
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15
Q

What do the red cells do?

A
  • transports oxygen from lungs to organs

* carries haemoglobin

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16
Q

What do white cells do?

A
  • engulf pathogens
  • make antibodies
  • make antitoxins
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17
Q

What are platelets involved with?

A

They are involved in blood clotting

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18
Q

What do platelets do?

A
  • make scabs

* make fibres to close openings to prevent leakages

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19
Q

Why can the red cells carry haemoglobin?

A

They don’t have a nucleus

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20
Q

What is oxyhemoglobin?

A

Where oxygen is stuck to the red cells haemoglobin to be carries around

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21
Q

What does the right pump of the heart do?

A

Forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide

22
Q

Where does the deoxygenated blood travel along from the heart to the lungs?

A

The pulmonary artery

23
Q

Why is it called the pulmonary artery?

A

It is the only artery without oxygen because the blood flowing from the heart (that makes it an artery) is deoxygenated (that makes it pulmonary)

24
Q

What happens to the deoxygenated blood from the heart when it reaches the lungs?

A
  • the carbon dioxide is lost

* oxygen is picked up

25
Q

How does the newly oxygenated blood travel from the lungs back to the heart?

A

Along the pulmonary vein

26
Q

Why is it called the pulmonary vein?

A

It is the only vein with oxygen. It is bring blood to the heart (that makes it a vein) but it carries oxygen (that makes it pulmonary)

27
Q

Which pump in the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

A

The left pump

28
Q

Which is the main artery from the heart to the rest of the body?

A

The aorta

29
Q

Which blood vessels carries the blood from the body tissues to the heart?

A

Veins

30
Q

Why do most veins not carry oxygenated blood?

A

They carry blood away from the muscles, where the oxygen was deposited in order to be used by the muscles, so most veins don’t carry oxygen

31
Q

What blood vessels carry blood from the heart to the body tissues?

A

Arteries

32
Q

Why do most arteries carry oxygenated blood?

A

They carry blood away from the heart, where it got oxygen from the lungs, so the blood is oxygenated

The oxygen picked up at the lungs is in the blood so when the heart pumps the blood along the arteries to the body tissues it is oxygenated

33
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

4

34
Q

Why is the muscular heart wall thicker on the left side?

A

The left pump has to pump blood all around the body

35
Q

Name the 2 types of heart chambers

A
  • atria

* ventricles

36
Q

Name the 2 atria in the heart

A
  • left atrium

* right atrium

37
Q

Name the 2 ventricle chambers in the heart

A
  • left ventricle

* right ventricle

38
Q

Which chambers in the heart are the atria?

A

The upper ones

39
Q

Which chambers in the heart are the ventricles?

A

The lower ones

40
Q

What is the sequence for the transport of blood?

A

Veins –> atria –> ventricles –> arteries

41
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

The large vein going into the right atrium of the heart

42
Q

What does the vena cava carry?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the body

43
Q

Which vein brings blood to the left atrium?

A

The pulmonary vein

44
Q

How does blood move from the atria to the ventricles?

A

The atria contract to push the blood into the ventricles

45
Q

What happens when the ventricles contract?

A

Blood is forced into the arteries

46
Q

What artery is blood forced into on the right side?

A

The pulmonary artery

47
Q

What artery is blood forced into from the ventricle on the left side?

A

The aorta

48
Q

What are heart valves used for?

A

They stop the blood flowing in the wrong direction

49
Q

What arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood?

A

Coronary arteries

50
Q

How many valves does the heart have?

A

4

51
Q

Write a flow diagram for one whole circulation of the body, starting at the right ventricle

A
  • right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood along pulmonary artery to the lungs
  • exchange materials at lungs
  • pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to left atrium
  • left atrium pumps blood into left ventricle
  • left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
  • aorta carries blood around body
  • veins Cary deoxygenated blood from body to the vena cava
  • the vena cava brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
  • right atrium pumps blood into right ventricle
  • do process again
52
Q

What is a transport system?

A

A system for transporting materials around a multicellular living organism

GCSE Biology 3.2 Transporting Materials (6 decks)

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