2.1.1 Cell Structure

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

controls activities of the cell

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Carries out aerobic respiration

Question 3

Attaches to mRNA in protein synthesis

Answer 3

Ribosomes

Question 4

Golgi Complex

Answer 4

Produces secretory vessicles/ processes and packages proteins

Question 5

Lysosome

Answer 5

contains hydrolysing (digestive) enzymes

Question 6

Prokaryotic cell wall

Answer 6

Made of peptidoglycon, protects cell from lysis.

Question 7

Pili

Answer 7

Sensory, adhesive and stick to surfaces

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

Moves cell

Question 9

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

Answer 9

Through Binary fission. Plasmid DNA copied, DNA loops attach to membrane,Membrane elongates and pinches off (cytokinesis)

Question 10

Genophore

Answer 10

Where DNA of prokaryotes is stored.

Question 11

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

Eukaryote DNA

Answer 12

DNA bound to proteins, is linear, has introns. (Stored as chromosomes)

Question 13

Prokaryote DNA

Answer 13

DNA is naked, is circular, usually has no introns

Question 14

Membrane-bound organelles found in ______

Answer 14

Eukaryotes.

Question 15

Size of prokaryotes?

Answer 15

0.1-10 micrometres.

Question 16

Size of eukaryotes?

Answer 16

10-100 micrometres.

Question 17

Prokaryotes have Chromosomes. Are they haploid or diploid?

Answer 17

Haploid. Single circular chromosome.

Question 18

Eukaryotes have Chromosomes. Are they haploid or diploid?

Answer 18

Diploid. Linear Chromosomal pairs.

Question 19

Plant cell wall made of ______

Answer 19

Cellulose

Question 20

Yeast cell wall made of _____

Answer 20

Chitin

Question 21

How do Yeast cells reproduce?

Answer 21

Budding

Question 22

Internal membrane of chloroplasts and mitochondria provide a ______

Answer 22

large surface area.

Question 23

The membrane around a vacuole is known as a _____

Answer 23

tonoplast.

Question 24

What are the 3 types of fibre in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 24

Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.

Question 25

What is the largest fibre in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 25

The microtubule.

Question 26

What type of proteins form microtubules?

Answer 26

Alpha and beta tubulin.

Question 27

What sort of shape is a microtubule?

Answer 27

A strong hollow tube.

Question 28

What are the roles of microtubules?

Answer 28

Transport and to support the shape of the cell. Form cilia and flagella. Microtubules are arranged in a 9 2 arrangement in centrosomes.

Question 29

How are microtubules used in cell division?

Answer 29

They make up centrosomes that pull chromosome pairs apart.

Question 30

What proteins make microfilaments?

Answer 30

Actin polymers.

Question 31

What are the roles of microfilaments?

Answer 31

Maintain and change cell shape e.g contracting and relaxing muscles Used in pseudopods Used for cytoplasmic streaming.

Question 32

What is an example of microfilaments being used to move a cell?

Answer 32

Pseudopods.

Question 33

How are microfilaments used in plant cells?

Answer 33

Through cytoplasmic streaming they can move chloroplast to the light side of the cell.

Question 34

What is the role of microfilaments in cell division?

Answer 34

Form ring and pinch the membrane between the two nuclei to separate cells.

Question 35

What do intermediate filaments do?

Answer 35

Provide organelle stability, acting as an anchor.

Question 36

What are intermediate fibres in the nucleus called?

Answer 36

Nuclear Lamina.

Question 37

What are pili and flagella made up of?

Answer 37

Microtubules

Question 38

What does the glycocalyx (slime capsule) do?

Answer 38

Acts as a barrier between prokaryote and surroundings.

Question 39

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 39

Transport, synthesis, metabolism of fats, lipids, steroids and carbohydrates.

Question 40

What stain do you use to identify nuclei?

Answer 40

Methylene Blue, Acetic orcein, toluidine blue (Nile Blue)

Question 41

What is the name of the process where a secretory vesicle fuses with a membrane and releases a protein.

Answer 41

Exocytosis

Question 42

Magnification and resolution of Light Microscope

Answer 42

X 1500 and 200nm

Question 43

Magnification and resolution of transmission electron microscope

Answer 43

X 500,000 and 0.2 nm

Question 44

Magnification and resolution scanning electron microscope

Answer 44

X 100,000 and 0.2nm

Question 45

What are the roles of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 45

Cell structure, Cell organisation and mechanical support for cell functions e.g movements

Question 46

S.E.R function

Answer 46

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in many metabolic processes. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids.