2.1.1 Cell structure and microscopy

Question 1

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

Answer 1

To separate what is inside of the cell from its environment.

Question 2

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 2

cellulose

Question 3

Purpose of plant cell wall

Answer 3

Support the cell

Question 4

purpose of lysosomes

Answer 4

Contain digest enzymes to digest invading cells.

Question 5

Where are the two places that ribosomes can be found?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm
RER

Question 6

Function of ribosomes

Answer 6

protein synthesis

Question 7

Function of RER

Answer 7

Folds and processes proteins.

Question 8

Function of smooth ER

Answer 8

Synthesised and processes lipids.

Question 9

What are vesicles?

Answer 9

Small fluid filled sacks found in cytoplasm.

Question 10

Function of a vesicles.

Answer 10

Transport substances in and out of cell

Question 11

Function of Golgi apparatus.

Answer 11

Sorts and packages molecules for transport around the cell

Question 12

function of mitochondria

Answer 12

ATP production

Question 13

What happens at the chloroplasts?

Answer 13

photosynthesis

Question 14

What are centrioles?

Answer 14

Hollow cylinders containing micro tubules.

Question 15

Function of centriole?

Answer 15

Formation of spindle fibres in cell division.

Question 16

What is the liquid found in the cytoplasm?

Answer 16

Cytosol

Question 17

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 17

Site of chemical reactions.

Question 18

Function of nuclear membrane.

Answer 18

-separates nucleus from the rest of the cell

Question 19

What is the role of the nucelus?

Answer 19

Controls the cells activities.

Question 20

what is a eukaryote?

Answer 20

a cell that has a nucelus

Question 21

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 21

A cell which does not have a nucleus

Question 22

What are plasmids?

Answer 22

Small circles of DNA that are found in bacteria and used to copy DNA during Genetic Engineering.

Question 23

Can ribosomes be observed under light microscopes?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Definition of resolution

Answer 24

The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two separate points.

Question 25

Define magnification

Answer 25

How many times larger an image is compared to the object being observed.

Question 26

Maximum resolution of light microscope.

Answer 26

200nm

Question 27

Magnification of light microscope

Answer 27

X1500

Question 28

Disadvantages of light microscope.

Answer 28

Cannot see small organelles.

Question 29

Maximum resolution of electron microscope

Answer 29

0.2 nm

Question 30

Magnification of electron microscope

Answer 30

X1,500,000

Question 31

Two types of electron microscopes

Answer 31

scanning and transmission

Question 32

Why do some parts of the image appear darker when using an electron microscope?

Answer 32

Denser parts of the specimen absorb more electrons so they appear darker in image.

Question 33

Advantages of transmission electron microscopes.

Answer 33

High resolution

Question 34

Disadvantages of TEM's

Answer 34

Thin specimens have to be used.

Question 35

Why can live specimens not be used when using TEM's and SEM's?

Answer 35

There is a vacuum inside electron microscopes so water must be removed so cells must be dead,

Question 36

Advantages of SEM's

Answer 36

Thick specimens can be used.

Question 37

Disadvantages of SEM's

Answer 37

Colour images not produced.

Question 38

Advantages of lazer scanning confocal microscope

Answer 38

Clear image

Question 39

Disadvantage of LSCM's

Answer 39

Can cause photo damage.

Question 40

What can light microscopes be used for.

Answer 40

Observing eukaryotic cells, their nuclei, possible mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 41

What can not be seen by light microscopes?

Answer 41

Small organelles such as ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 42

Maximum magnification of light microscope ?

Answer 42

X1500

Question 43

How do electron microscopes form an image?

Answer 43

Using a beam of electrons.

Question 44

Maximum resolution of electron microscope.

Answer 44

0.2nm

Question 45

Name two features of plant cells that are not features of animal cells.

Answer 45

Cellulose cell wall permanent vacuole chloroplasts

Question 46

Name one structure present in animal cells that is not present in animal cells

Answer 46

Centrioles