211 Test One

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintaining balance despite widely changing external conditions.

Question 2

Intrinsic regulation

Answer 2

Autoregulation, happens at tissue and organ level.

Question 3

Extrinsic regulation

Answer 3

Neural and hormonal. External

Question 4

Homeostatic feedback loop step one.

Answer 4

Stimulus: physical or chemical parameter that can very. Stimuli can be internal or external.

Question 5

Homeostatic feedback loop step two.

Answer 5

Sensor: the structure that detects the change. Sensor can be cells, tissues organ that has sensors for the stimulus.

Question 6

Homeostatic feedback loop step three.

Answer 6

Control center: the structure that processes the information. Then sends a message. Message is either neural or endocrine(chemical).

Question 7

Homeostatic feedback loop step four.

Answer 7

Message: intercellular communication. Will be neural, chemical or hormonal.

Question 8

Homeostatic feedback loop step five.

Answer 8

Effector: cell, tissue, organ or structure that receives the message. The effector will either receive a neural signal or have receptor for the hormone or chemical (ligand).

Question 9

Homeostatic feedback loop step six.

Answer 9

Response: change of the effector. The presence of the message will change the activity of the receptor and then will counteract the change.

Question 10

Biochemistry

Answer 10

Macromolecules
Pro tines, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids
Condensation/dehydration reactions.

Question 11

Enzymes

Answer 11

Chemical reaction catalyst, does not get used up in the reaction. Attaches to a substrate.

Question 12

Properties of water.

Answer 12

H bonding, …

Question 13

Membrane structure and function

Answer 13

Very important!!!!!!!!
Passive transport:Diffusion and Facilitated diffusion
Active transport.

Question 14

Histology, four tissue types.

Answer 14

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 15

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

Very important!

Question 16

Endocrine cells

Answer 16

How do they work!

Question 17

Ligand

Answer 17

?

Question 18

Blood

Answer 18

Liquid Connective tissue

Question 19

Blood function

Answer 19

Transport…
Protection…
Regulation…

Question 20

Hemostasis

Answer 20

?

Question 21

Blood properties

Answer 21

4-6 L in you body
Temp. 38C
5x more viscous the water. 
pH = 7.35-7.45 acidosis, alkalosis!
Osmolarity: 300 mOsm/L

Question 22

Plasma

Answer 22

Liquid part of blood.

Question 23

Leukocytes

Answer 23

Defense
4-10,000 WBCs/mm^3
>10,000 = elevated

Question 24

Leukocyte characteristics

Answer 24

Primarily remain in the CT
Blood stream for point to point transportation 
Ameboid movement
Diapedisis?
Migration out of the blood stream.

Question 25

Phagocytosis

Answer 25

?

Question 26

Neutrophils

Answer 26

Most common (70%) Mobile phagocytes Attack marked bacteria Suicidal eaters-puss!

Question 27

Eosinophils

Answer 27

Rear! 2-4% of WBC count Attack eukaryotic parasites E.X. Worms and Protozoa Exotoxins release: attach to the parasites and inject exotoxins to kill. Can phagocytosis

Question 28

Basophils

Answer 28

Rear<1% Granules contain histamine ( vasodilator) and heparin( anticoagulant) Inflammatory response.

Question 29

Monocytes

Answer 29

5-10% of WBC Huge! macrophages. Phagositize big clusters of bacteria

Question 30

Lymphocytes

Answer 30

20-30% | B,T, NK cells

Question 31

WBC development

Answer 31

Originate in bone marrow Production hormonally regulated. CSFs? Colony stimulating factors

Question 32

Platelets

Answer 32

Hemostasis | From megakaaryocytes

Question 33

Hemostsis

Answer 33

Ks | Jfnv

Question 34

Vascular paste of hemostasis

Answer 34

Decrease in diameter of the blood vessels due to injury. .

Question 35

Platelet phase

Answer 35

Platelets adhered to the lamina and plug it up. Chemical signaling ..

Question 36

Coagulation phase

Answer 36

``` Formation of a blood clot Clotting factor (13) fibrin formation. ```

Question 37

CP | Extrinsic pathway

Answer 37

...

Question 38

CP | Intrinsic

Answer 38

...

Question 39

CP | Common pathway

Answer 39

...

Question 40

Hemophilia

Answer 40

Inability to clot blood.

Question 41

Leukemia

Answer 41

Cancer of white blood cells

Question 42

Blood clot/ pulmonary embolism

Answer 42

Anemia

Question 43

Anemia

Answer 43

Not getting enough to o2 to the cells

Question 44

Pericardium

Answer 44

Bag the heart sits in.

Question 45

Epicardium

Answer 45

.

Question 46

Endocardium

Answer 46

Inside of the heart

Question 47

Cardiac muscle

Answer 47

Myocardium Interconnected via intercalated discs Contractile and conducting tissue

Question 48

Heart chambers

Answer 48

2 atria 2 ventricles 4 valves: atrioventricular and semilunar

Question 49

Major odor great vessels

Answer 49

Vena cavalettis Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Aorta

Question 50

Coronary circulation

Answer 50

Blood supply to the heart

Question 51

Intercalated disks

Answer 51

Myocardium connection.

Question 52

Gap junctions

Answer 52

Communication points

Question 53

Demos omens

Answer 53

Spot welds

Question 54

Myocardium

Answer 54

AEROBIC Tons of mitochondria Filled by fatty muscles Resistance to fatigue

Question 55

Conducting cells

Answer 55

Control the contractions 1%

Question 56

Contractile cells

Answer 56

Do the contracting

Question 57

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 57

Maintains Ca+ outside of the cell.

Question 58

Funny channels

Answer 58

Always open!

Question 59

Hypodfloric acid

Answer 59

HF and F binds to Ca+. You die.

Question 60

SA node

Answer 60

Pacemaker | In right atrium

Question 61

AV node

Answer 61

Delays ventricular contraction

Question 62

AV bundle ...

Answer 62

...

Question 63

Hearts job

Answer 63

Pressurize cardiac system

Question 64

Systole

Answer 64

Contraction of the heart

Question 65

Diastole

Answer 65

Relaxing

Question 66

Phases of contraction

Answer 66

Ventricular filling Isometric contraction Ventricular ejection Isometric...

Question 67

Arteries

Answer 67

Carries blood away from the heart.

Question 68

Arterioles

Answer 68

...

Question 69

Tunica intima

Answer 69

Endothelium most internal.

Question 70

Compliance

Answer 70

Means that it gives.

Question 71

Targeted profusion to match demand

Answer 71

Arteries

Question 72

Hepatic

Answer 72

Liver