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Anatomy And Phisyology 211 > The Brain Part 1,2 and ANS > Flashcards

The Brain Part 1,2 and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Brain stem

A 
Lower portion of the brain.
What keeps us alive!
Medulla oblongata 
Pons
Midbrain
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2
Q

Cerebellum

A

Back

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3
Q

Ventricles

A

Hydrostatic skeleton in the brain

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4
Q

Meninges

A

Durra mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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5
Q

CSF

A

Cushioning
Supporting (floating) the brain. 1600g to 25g
Chemical balance
Blood plasma with no proteins!

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6
Q

CSF formation

A

Made in the choroid plexuses
By ependymal cells
Capillaries
Make 500mL a day.

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7
Q

CSF circulation

A

Through ventricles

Spinal epidural space and central canal.

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8
Q

Brain blood supply

A 
TO the brain:
Internal carotids 
Vertebral/basilar arteries
FROM the brain:
Internal jugulars
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9
Q

Blood-brain, blood-CSF barriers

A 
BBB
Highly selective regulation
Glucose and O2 and CO2 to defuse though
This prevents infection.
Absent in endocrine structures.
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10
Q

Cerebrum

A

Folds and higher thinking

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

Part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, Thalamus, hypothalamus and the third ventricle.

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12
Q

Midbrain

A

The portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep, wake and arousal

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13
Q

Pons

A

Links The Medela oblongata and the thalamus

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14
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

The lower part of the brainstem in containing control centers for the heart and lungs.

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15
Q

Medela oblongata gray matter

A

ANS reflex control
Breathing (Normal), blood pressure, heart rate
Cranial nerve sensory and motor functions

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16
Q

Puns, white matter

A

Sensory to the thalamus

Motor to cranial and spinal nerves

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17
Q

Pons gray matter

A

Cranial nerve sensory relay and motor commands
Respiration rate adjustment
Relays sensory and motor information to the cerebellum

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18
Q

Midbrain, white matter (peduncles)

A

Connects motor neurons between brain and spinal cord

Sensory to thalamus

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19
Q

Midbrain, gray matter

A

Major nuclei:
Superior colliculi: visual reflexes
Inferior colliculi: auditory reflexes
Red nucleus: subconscious control of upper limbs
Substantia negra: regulates activity of basal nuclei
Reticular activating system (RAS): consciousness

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20
Q

Cerebellum, white matter

A

Coordination between brain regions and spinal cord

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21
Q

Cerebellum, gray matter

A

Balance and posture
Fine-tuning motor movements
EX. Writing

22
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Produces cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

23
Q

Gracile nucleus

A

One of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch

24
Q

Cuneate nucleus

A

Fine Touch

25
Solitary nucleus
Sensory nuclei forming a ventral column of gray matter imbedded in the medulla
26
Epithalamus
Includes pineal gland(melatonin secretion) | Choroid plexus
27
Thalamus function
``` Filters and projects cerebral information Visual and auditory info to cortexes Regulates consciousness Influences emotions Damage = coma ```
28
Major nuclei
Anterior group: part of the limbic system Medial group: emotional output to Paris for all cortex; awareness of emotions Ventral group: projects somatic sensory information to somatosensory cortex; Relays info from cerebrum to basal nuclei to motor cortex Lateral group: integration of sensory info to influence emotional states Posterior group: lateral geniculate nucleus; Projects visual info to visual cortex. Medial geniculate nucleus; projects auditory info to auditory cortex
29
Hypothalamus
Neurosensory coordination response to: Neural stimuli Hormones Blood and cerebral spinal fluid chemical stimuli
30
Major functions of the hypothalamus
``` Autonomic coordination ( HR, BP) Nuro sensory functions with pituitary Physiological drives: hunger and thirst Memory with limbic system Regulation of body temperature Control of circadian rhythms Emotional behavior and sexual response ```
31
Cerebrum
``` Gray matter: Basal nuclei: unconscious coordination Cerebral cortex: conscious awareness and intellectual functions White matter: Neural wiring ```
32
Basal nuclei
Process of sensory information Direct control over sub conscious movement Indirect control and modification of conscious movement via motor cortex
33
Cerebral cortex
Two functionally distinct hemispheres Left receives information and controls the right side of the body and vice versa Coordinated by the corpus callosum Specific areas control specific functions Motor and sensory areas Association areas
34
The limbic system
Coordinates information between cerebellum and dienCephalon
35
Functions of the limbic system
Establishes emotional states and drives Links cerebrum, consciousness, with brainstem, unconsciousness Motivation and drive Coordinating memory storage and retrieval Amygdaloid body: emotion->meomory Hippocampus: memory storage and retrieval
36
Lateralis action
Refers to how some narrow functions tend to be more dominant in one hemisphere than the other
37
General interpretive (wernicke's) area
Where does are associated with their meaning in this area
38
ANS effectors
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue
39
Visceral reflex receptors
Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors Thermoreceptors
40
Visceral reflex pathway
``` Receptors Afferent sensory nerves Integration centers Efferent motor nerves Effectors ```
41
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight
42
Parasympathetic nervous system
Resting and digesting
43
Enteric nervous system
The brain in your gut
44
Autonomic pathways
``` Integrative center Preganglionic fiber Ganglion Post ganglion if fiber Varicosities ```
45
Sympathetic functional anatomy
Prepares somatic division for action, fight or flight Neural and hormonal activity Inhibitory and excitatory options
46
Sympathetic organization
Preganglionic neuron's branch from lateral Gray horn's
47
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Innervate head and thoracic organs via sympathetic nerves Generallyexcitatory, EX. Heart rate, lung dilation etc. Innervate peripheral structures and glad to be a spinal nerves
48
Collateral ganglia
Innervate abdominpelvic organs via Splanchnic nerves | Generally inhibitory, decrease digestion
49
Adrenal Medullae
Stimulate release of epinephrine and norepinephrine | Sympathetic anatomy
50
Parasympathetic
Visceral function and energy conservation, resting and digesting. Fewer effectors, but more specific targeting then sympathetic
51
Parasympathetic functional anatomy
Preganglionic nerves in brainstem (cranial nerves) and sacral segments Ganglionic neurons terminate near, or in, target organs Vegas nerve is the most efficient

Anatomy And Phisyology 211 (13 decks)

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