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PBL Pharm Block 3 > Pharm 21 - Vascular Tone > Flashcards

Pharm 21 - Vascular Tone Flashcards

1
Q

MOA:Donates NO–>activates guanylyl cyclase and increases dephosphorylation of myosin light chain in vascular smooth muscle= vasodilation

A

Nitrates, Inhaled NO, Sodium Nitroprusside

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2
Q

Tx: short acting (sublingual), long acting (oral) angina

A

Isosorbide dinitrate

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3
Q

Consideration: venous dilation greater than arteriolar

A

isosorbide dinitrate

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4
Q

Organic Nitrates (5)

A

isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide 5-mononitrate, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, inhaled NO gas

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5
Q

Tx: prophylaxis angina, chronic IHD

A

isosorbide 5-mononitrate

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6
Q

consideration: 100% bioavailable orally

A

Isosorbide 5-mononitrate

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7
Q

Tx: Agnina attacks, chronic IHD, acute heart failure

A

Nitroglycerin (NTG)

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8
Q

Consideration: Ergotamine may oppose coronary vasodilation of nitrates

A

NTG

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9
Q

Tx: HTN emergency, severe cardiac failure, Ergot alkaloid toxicity

A

Sodium nitroprusside

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10
Q

Consideration: cyanide toxicity (thiocyanate toxicity)

A

sodium nitroprusside

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11
Q

Tx:Neonatal respiratory failure

A

inhaled NO gas

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12
Q

Consideration:selectively dilates pulmonary vasculature

A

inhaled NO gas

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13
Q

Phosphodiesterase Type V (PDE5) Inhibitors (3)

A

Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Tadalafil

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14
Q

MOA:Inhibit PDE5 (enzyme for converting cGMP to GMP) cGMP normally relaxes vessels= dilation (PDE5 inactivate cGMP–>GMP)

A

Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors

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15
Q

Tx:Erectile dysfunction

A

PDE5 inhibitors

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16
Q

consideration:concomitant use of organic nitrate vasodilators= Hypotension

A

PDE5 inhibitors

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17
Q

Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

A

Dihydropyridines: Nidfedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, clevidipine; Benzothiazepine: Diltiazem; Phenylalkylamine: Verapamil

18
Q

MOA:Block influx of calcium (L-type channels)= no actin myosin cross bridge formation= no contraction= dilation

A

Calcium channel blockers

19
Q

Tx:Angina, HTN, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Pre-eclampsia

A

Dihydropyridines (CCB)

20
Q

Considerations:Amlodipine has higher bioavailability, longer peak time, slower metabolism

A

Dihydropyridines (CCB)

21
Q

Tx Same as Phenylalkylamine):Prinzmetal angina, HTN, A-fib, Paroxysmal SVT

A

Benzothiazepine

22
Q

Benzothiazepine medication name

A

Diltiazem

23
Q

Dihydropyridine medications name (4)

A

Nidfedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine, Clevidipine

24
Q

Tx (same as Dihydropyridines):Prinzmetal angina, HTN, A-fib, Paroxysmal SVT

A

Phenylalkylamine

25
Q

Consideration:concomitent alcohol use will increase alcohol concentration

A

Phenylalkylamine

26
Q

Phenylalkylamine medication name

A

Verapamil

27
Q

MOA:Open ATP modulated K+ channels to hyperpolarize membrane= decreased influx of calcium= dilation

A

K+ channel openers

28
Q

K+ channel opener medications (4)

A

minoxidil, pinacidil, nicorandil, cromakalim

29
Q

Tx:Severe/refractory HTN; male alopecia (topical minoxidil)

A

K+ channel openers

30
Q

Considerations:typically used with B-blockers and diuretic

A

K+ channel openers

31
Q

MOA:Block avtivation of endothelin receptors (ETa,b)

A

Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

32
Q

Tx:Pulmonary HTN

A

Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

33
Q

Considerations:hepatotoxicity (monthly monitoring), No pregnancy use

A

Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

34
Q

Endothelin Receptor Antagonist medications (2)

A

Bosentan, Ambrisentan

35
Q

MOA:Arteriolar vasodilator

A

Hydralyzine

36
Q

Tx:Severe HTN, Severe Heart failure

A

Hydralyzine

37
Q

considerations:cause reversible SLE, Usually used with Isosorbide dinitrate; morbity/mortality benefits for blacks wtih advanced heart failure

A

Hydralyzine

38
Q

a-1 Adrenergic Antagonist medications (3)

A

Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin

39
Q

B-Adrenergic Antagonist medications (3)

A

Propanolol (nonselective), Atenolol, Metoprolol (B1-selective)

40
Q

ACE Inhibitor medications (3)

A

Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalopril

41
Q

AT1 REceptor Antagonist medications (2)

A

Losartan, Valsartan

42
Q

MOA:Inhibit cleavage of Angiotensin (AT) I to ATII by ACE; Inhibit defradation of bradykinin by kininase II

A

ACE Inhibitors

PBL Pharm Block 3 (14 decks)

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