Pharm 30 Part I

Question 1

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (3)

Answer 1

acarbose, migitol, voglibose

Question 2

Prandial Bolus Insulins (4)

Answer 2

“LAGeR” Insulin Lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine, Regular Insulin

Question 3

Basal “ long acting “ insulins (3)

Answer 3

NPH insulin, insulin glargine, Insulin detemir

Question 4

First generation (4): Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance

Answer 4

TACT

- Tolbulamide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide

Question 5

Second generation (5): Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance

Answer 5

G’s

- Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Gliquidone

Question 6

Inhibit the beta-cell K+/ATP channel at the SUR1 subunit; thereby stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells and increasing circulating insulin to levels sufficient to overcome insulin resistance (2)

Answer 6

Nateglinide, Repaglinide

Question 7

Activates AMPK to block synthesis of fatty acids and to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis; increases insulin receptor activity and metabolic responsiveness in liver and skeletal muscle.

Answer 7

Metformin

Question 8

Acts on receptors in the CNS to slow gastric emptying, reduce postprandial glucagon and glucose release, and promote satiety.

Answer 8

Pramlintide

Question 9

Act on Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, and decrease appetite.

Answer 9

“El” Exenatide, Liraglutide

Question 10

Prolongs GLP-1 activity to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, delay gastric emptying, and decrease appetite.

Answer 10

Sit-Sax (instead of the sitaur) Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin

Question 11

Bind and stimulates the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), thereby increasing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle

Answer 11

Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone

- GLITAZONES

Question 12

Inhibits GHRH release

Answer 12

Octreotide

Question 13

MOA: Bind avidly to intestinal brush border alpha glucosidase enzymes, slowing breakdown and absorption of dietary carbohydrates such as dextrin, and disaccharides

Answer 13

alpha glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, migitol, voglibose)

Question 14

Contraindications Include cirrhosis, DKA, digestive problems, IBD, and Bowel obstruction

Answer 14

alpha-glucosidases

Question 15

hypoglycemia is the sole CI for

Answer 15

Exogenous insulin

Question 16

DKA is the sole CI for

Answer 16

Sulfonylureas

Question 17

DKA + Type 1 diabetes are the CIs for

Answer 17

Meglitinides

Question 18

Contraindications are metabolic acidosis, Hepatic disease, Renal impairment, Respiratory distress, Alcohol abuse, Septicemia, Heart failure

Answer 18

Metformin

Question 19

What may result in a patient on Metformin that has received iodinated contrast media if acute alteration of renal function is an underlying issue ?

Answer 19

Lactic Acidosis

Question 20

Hypoglycemia + Gastroparesis CI for

Answer 20

Pramlintide

Question 21

ype 1 dm + DKA CI for

Answer 21

Incretins (GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors

Question 22

Heart failure is the sole CI for

Answer 22

TZDs (GLITAZONES)

Question 23

Patient with a pheochromocytoma cannot receive

Answer 23

exogenous glucagon

Question 24

Type 2 dm and polycystic ovarian syndrom are indicated for use of

Answer 24

Metformin

Question 25

Both Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus can receive

Answer 25

Pramlinitide

Question 26

Hypoglycemia + Malignant hypertension(off-label) are both indications to use

Answer 26

Diazoxide

Question 27

Hypoglycemia + intestinal relaxant before radiography of GI indicated with

Answer 27

Exogenous glucagon

Question 28

Hypoglycemia, Rash, diarrhea, nausea, and dizziness are ADRs of

Answer 28

Meglitinides

Question 29

Nausea is the only ADR of

Answer 29

Pramlintide

Question 30

Hypoglycemia nausea vomitting diarrhea nervousness , dizziness and HEADACHE are ADRs of

Answer 30

GLP-1 analogues (“EL)

Question 31

Rash, nausea, vomitting, are ADRS of

Answer 31

Glucagon

Question 32

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, elvated serum AMINOTRANSFERASE levels, elevated plasma TGs are ADRs of

Answer 32

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors

Question 33

Diarrhea, flatulence , nausea, vomiting , COBALAMIN DEF. and LACTIC ACIDOSIS are ADRs of

Answer 33

Metformin

Question 34

ADRs of Exog. Insulin

Answer 34

lipodystrophy , injection site rxn, hypoglycemia

Question 35

unique ADRs for DPP4 inhibitors (2)

Answer 35

mild increase in serum creatinin level and nasopharyngitis

Question 36

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? fluid retention, DKA, hypernatremia

Answer 36

Diazoxide

Question 37

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? cholestatic hepatitis hepatoxicity, diabetic macular edema

Answer 37

TZD

Question 38

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? angina hypotension, tachyarrhytmia, hirsutism

Answer 38

Diazoxide

Question 39

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? hyperglycemia, dyspepsia, dizzines, glucosuria

Answer 39

Diazoxide

Question 40

ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ? Edema , weight gain, increased HDL/LDL, decreased TG and FFA

Answer 40

TZD

Question 41

Binds to SUR1 subunit of K+/ATP channels in pancreatic beta-cells and stabilizes the ATP-bound (open) state of the channel so that the beta cells remain hyper polarized; this decreases insulin secretion by the cells.

Answer 41

Diazoxide