212 Test 3 Flashcards by baden bagley

Vit d

In Fatty fish like tuna

Lack of causes malacia (softening)

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Bone growth minerals

Ca 
Ph
Calcitonin
Vit d
Pth 
Hgh 
Glucocorticoids
Thy
Insulin

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Low cal process

Ca low
Pth elevates
Class release ca

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Cancellous bone

Filled with marrow

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Bursae

Prevent friction at joints and articulating structures

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Synovial joints

lubrication and shock absorption

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Synovitis

Arthritis caused by synovial fluid breaking down surrounding tissue

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Ligaments

Boners

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Tendons

Muscle to bone

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Osteoarthritis cause

Synovial joints less elastic and damaged leads to

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Changes in musculoskeletal cause

Decreased coordination
Loss strength
Gait change
Risk injury fall increase

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Cart degeneration intervention

Moist heat

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Decreased bone density intervention

Safety and weight bearing exercise if possible

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Resorption

Forms resorps at equal rates until 35

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Calcitonin

Produced thyroid
Decreases Ca levels
Slows resorption
Excretes in kidneys

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Prominence intervention

Prevent pressure

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Kyphotic, widened gait, center change intervention

Educate posture

Chairs with arms

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Muscle atrophy interventions

Isometric exercises

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Hx assessment questions

Activity level
ADL independence
Cognitive perceptual

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Osteomyelitis

Bone infection

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Bilateral Physical assessment process

Posture 
Gate 
Integrity
Functionality
Muscle
Skin
Neuro

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Goniometer

Measures flexion and extension

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Antalgic

Any abnormalities in stance

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Lurch

Abnormal gait swing from gluteal weakness

Shoulders side to side or back forth

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Crepitus

Grating sound

Finger assessment

Easy way is to make a fist Proximal to distal Then bilateral

Before starting physical assessment questions

``` How long Exacerbating Course Symptoms Anything improve? ```

Back deformities way to member

Lower lordosis Swerve scoliosis Kigh up kyphosis

Hip assessment

Degree of mobility | Usually groin to knee pain manifestation

Knee assessment

Effusion Rom Pain

Genus

Valgum knock knee | Varum bow legged

Ca levels

< 9 porosis | > 10.5 healing fx

Phosph lab

< 3 malacia | > 4.5 Fx cancer

Ck mm

Rises 2-4 hours after muscle injury

Computer Tomography

3d images | Iodine allergies?

Xeroradiography

Margins and edges clearer | Higher radiation

Allium scans

Injection 4-6 hrs before No other tests 30-60 min Mild sedation indicated

Mri

``` Joints Soft tissue (muscle, tendons) Bone tumors ```

Mri ? For pt

``` Metal Pregnant Pacemaker Stent Ckd Tattoos ```

Arthroscopy

Direct visual 0.9% NS distended Closed sterile Back flat foot up

Arthroscopy nursing

Control edema Monitor neuro Analgesics Monitor

Arthrocentesis

Aspiration to examine or relieve Maybe injected with med Aseptic

Bone biopsy

Confirms infection/cancer | Monitor for heat pain

7 fx Ps

``` Pain Pallor Pressure Pulseless Paresthesia Paralysis Past hx ```

Casts

Nv check Reposition/elevate Heat Drainage

Skin traction

Boot to lever | Relieves hip spasm

Skeletal traction

Into bone Pin care Weights never off and check 8-12 Nv q1 first 24 then q4

Orif

Open reduction internal fixation Hardware may may not be left Not for wound care needed

External fixation

Pins to frame Wound care Cast/splint

Fall risks

Meds Rugs Poor lighting Steps pets

Hip fx tx

Prosthesis Orif Bed rest to heal naturally

Post op joint care preventions

Dislocation Vte infection Bleeding Pain

Compartment syndrome interventions

``` Nv q1 Listen to pt Pain never relieved Keep extremity at heart Prepare device removal/fasciotomy ```

Fat embolism

12-48 hrs End up In major organs Most common in hip fx highest risk Petichiae

Dvt pe R/F

Anything vasoconstriction Older Prolonged immobility Cancer chemo

Dvt pe tx

``` Bed Elevation Anti coagulation Filter Removal ```

Hip post op no nos

Leg cross center Bend more than 90* Leg turn inward

Secondary oa

Ra Trauma Manual labor Athletes

Primary oa

Age Genetics Obese Smoking

Oa R/F

Low estrogen | High Pth

Scoliosis onset

Adolescence or congenital

Scoliosis assessment

Fwd flex asymmetry of hips/shoulder | Leg differences

Scoliosis mild

10-20* exercise and flexibility

Moderate scoliosis

20-40* Boston brace 23 hrs under clothes Stem for muscles

Severe scoliosis

40-50* Spinal fusion Halo

Severe scoliosis care

``` Q1 nv checks Strict i/o Breathing Log rolling Ng, hemovac, foley ```

Adult scoliosis <50

Heat | Meds exercise

> 50% scoliosis adult S/S and tx

``` Sob Fatigue Oa Back pain Fusion stabilizers ```

Herniated disk

Pulposus Lumbar cervical Pain through sciatic down leg

Hd causes

Spondolithiasis Stenosis Degeneration fluid loss

Hd assessments

Pain at < 60* lying flat | Imaging

Williams position

Semi fowlers with one leg on pillows

Acute meds vs chronic

Acet Motrin relaxants injections | Chronic: anti epileptic like neurontin

Epileptic drug monitoring

``` Low Na Weakness Ha Dizzy Diarrhea ```

Hd monitor for

``` Csf leak Fluid deficit Urine retention Paralytic illeus Fes Infection Loose screws ```

Cervical monitoring

Hoarseness dysphagia Loose screws Trache esopho injury ABCs

212 Test 3 Flashcards

(76 cards)