2.14 Neurological Diseases

Question 1

3 cardinal signs of Parkinson’s

Answer 1

Bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor

Question 2

Risk factors for MS (5)

Answer 2

Genetics, cooler northern climate, lack of vitamin D, smoking, Epstein-Barr Virus

Question 3

Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)

Answer 3

0-10 scale of MS impairment

Question 4

Progressive-relapsing MS

Answer 4

Steady decline since onset with superimposed attacks

5% of cases

Question 5

Secondary progressive MS

Answer 5

Initial relapsing-remitting that suddenly begins to have decline without periods of remission, baseline gets progressively worse
50% of cases with relapsing-remitting

Question 6

Primary progressive MS

Answer 6

Steady increase in disability without attacks or remissions

10-15% of cases

Question 7

Relapsing-remitting MS

Answer 7

Unpredictable attacks which may or may not leave permanent deficits followed by periods of remission
85% of cases at initial diagnosis

Question 8

Uhthoff’s sign

Answer 8

Heat exacerbates MS symptoms

Question 9

Lupus symptoms (8)

Answer 9

Fatigue, low-grade fever, butterfly rash, joint/muscle pain, abnormal ANA titer, alopecia, sores in nose/mouth, cardiac abnormalities

Question 10

Myasthenia Gravis etiology

Answer 10

Acetylcholine deficit

Question 11

Myasthenia Gravis symptoms (5)

Answer 11

Skeletal muscle fatigue, ptosis/diplopia, mask-like expression, SOB, dysarthria

Question 12

Myasthenia Gravis treatment (5)

Answer 12

Remove thymus, immunosuppressants, anticholinesterase drugs, plasmapheresis, IV gamma globulin

Question 13

Huntington’s Disease etiology

Answer 13

Genetic disorder causing degeneration of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

Question 14

Huntington’s Disease symptoms (3)

Answer 14

Choreiform movements, progressive dementia, personality changes

Question 15

Post-Polio Syndrome pathophysiology

Answer 15

New nerve cells reconnect during recovery from polio, triggering contraction of the muscles and CNS inflammation