2.1 Pediatrics

Question 1

Pavlov

Answer 1

Classical conditioning

Question 2

Watson

Answer 2

Behaviorist Theory

Question 3

Skinner

Answer 3

Operant conditioning

Question 4

Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development

Answer 4

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 5

Kohlberg’s Preconventional morality

Answer 5

Obedience/punishment

Self-interest

Question 6

Kohlberg’s Conventional morality

Answer 6

Conformity & interpersonal accord

Authority & social order

Question 7

Kohlberg’s Postconventional morality

Answer 7

Social contract

Universal principles

Question 8

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 8

Self-actualization 
Esteem
Love & belonging
Safety & security 
Physiological

Question 9

Symptoms of ischemic stroke in children (4)

Answer 9

Sudden onset weakness
Neglect
Seizures
Developmental delay

Question 10

Symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke in children (3)

Answer 10

Headache
Vomiting
Altered mental status

Question 11

Symptoms of venous thrombosis in children (2)

Answer 11

Headache

Altered mental status

Question 12

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy pathophysiology

Answer 12

X-linked recessive

Absence of dystrophin leads to poorly anchored skeletal muscle fibers

Question 13

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy symptoms (4)

Answer 13

Motor delays
“Waddling” or toe-walking gait
Increased calf circumference
Gower’s sign

Question 14

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy diagnosis

Answer 14

Around age 5

Elevated serum creatine kinase

Question 15

Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 15

Genetic
Later onset than DMD
Slow & variable progression

Question 16

Congenital muscular dystrophy

Answer 16

Hypotonia begins in infancy

Question 17

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Answer 17

Slow progression

Affects face, shoulder, upper arms, lower legs

Question 18

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1

Answer 18

Before age 6 months
Most common
Generalized muscle weakness

Question 19

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2

Answer 19

Between age 7-18 months

Intermediate

Question 20

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3

Answer 20

After 18 months of age

Ambulates independently or with AD

Question 21

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4

Answer 21

Adulthood

Ambulatory

Question 22

Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Answer 22

Peripheral nerve disorder
Muscle weakness & atrophy
Loss of sensation

Question 23

Friedreich’s Ataxia

Answer 23

Onset between 10-15 years old
Ataxia begins in legs & torso
Affects nervous system & heart
Later may affect speech & swallowing