Chapter 2 - Parasites that infect and infest domestic animals

Question 1

What is parasitism?

Answer 1

an association between two organisms of different species in which one member (the parasite) lives on or within the other member (the host) and may cause harm. The parasite is metabolically dependent on the host

Question 2

What is Monogenetic flukes?

Answer 2

also called monogenetic trematodes - are ectoparasites of fish, amphibians, and reptiles (they parasitize fish)
- they are rarely parasites on mammals

Question 3

What is digenetic flukes?

Answer 3

are important parasites of both large and small animals.

• these flattened, leaf-shaped flukes are primarily endoparasites of the gastrointestinal tract
• can infect lungs and blood vasculature
• can be identified in the feces

Question 4

What are true tapeworms?

Answer 4

are ribbonlike flatworms found in the gastronintestinal tracts of their definitive hosts
- they lack a gut - they absorb nutrients through their skin

Question 5

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 5

Mouth to anus -gut

Question 6

What is tegument?

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

What are pseudotapeworms?

Answer 7

flattened and ribbonlike

• resemble true tapeworms and are also found in the gastrointestinal tract of their definitive hosts
• use microscopic aquatic crustaceans and the musculature of fish and reptiles as intermediate hosts for part of their life cycle.

Question 8

What are roundworms?

Answer 8

or nematodes are elongated, unsegumented, cylindric worms
- they are round when observed in cross section on histopathologic examination - largest group of helminths that parasitize domesticated animals

Question 9

What are acanthocephalans?

Answer 9

thorny-headed worms - are elongated, unsemented, cylindric worms
- possess spiny proboscis used as an organ of attachment.

Question 10

What are leeches?

Answer 10

are blood-feeding extoparasites of both wild and domesticated animals
- can produce significant pathology in both wild and domesticated animals but can also be beneficial when used after reconstructive surgical procedures in both animals and humans

Question 11

What are causal agents?

Answer 11

an agent of something acting as a cause

Question 12

What are intermediate hosts?

Answer 12

host that harbors the larval, juvenile, immature, or asexual stages of infections

Question 13

What are toxins?

Answer 13

Poisonous substances

Question 14

What are venomous substances?

Answer 14

Venom from a bite

Question 15

What is the classification scheme for Monogenetic Trematodes?

Answer 15

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:  Platyhelminthes - flatworms
Class: Trematoda - flukes
subclass: monogenea - mongenetic flukes
 - ectoparasite of fish, amphibians, and reptiles

Question 16

What is the classification scheme for Digenetic Trematodes?

Answer 16

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class:  Trematoda
subclass:  digenea flukes
- important parasites of both large and small animals - flattened leaf shaped flukes

Question 17

Digenetic Trematodes are?

Answer 17

primarily endoparasites of the GI tract
can also infect lungs, blood vascuature
operculated eggs identified in feces

Question 18

Digenetic Trematodes scientific name “Paragonimus Kellicotti is what?

Answer 18

lung fluke in dogs and cats
found in fecal flotation or centrifugation
operculated eggs float in most fecal flotation solutions
Treated with Fenbendazole