Common brain lesions Flashcards
What is a consequence of amygdala lesion?
bilateral amygdala lesions causes Luver bucy syndrome. these patients are “hyperoral,” hypersexuality, and disinhibited behavior. Associated with HSV-1
What might you see with right parietal temporal cortex lesions?
spacial neglect syndrome: agnosia of the contralateral side of the world
What might you see with left parietal-temporal cortex?
agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left right disorientation. aka Gerstmann syndrome
What is a lesion affecting the mammillary bodies?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: confusion, ophtalmoplegia (paralyzed eyes), ataxia (lack of movement), memory loss, confabulation, and personality changes.
CAN of beer: confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus.
Causes of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
thiamine B1 deficiency or alcoholism. Can be precipitated by giving glucose to a pt with at B1 deficiency.
What problems would a patient with hippocampus lesions have?
if bilateral, he would have anterograde amnesia- inability to make new memories
What happens with a PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation) lesion?
eyes look away from the side of the lesion
What happens with a lesion to the frontal eye fields?
eyes look toward the lesion
symptoms of central pontine myelinolysis
acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, and loss of consciousness; can cause locked-in syndrome
What is conduction speech loss and what are its causes?
poor repetition, but fluent speech. intact comprehension. can’t repeat phrases like “no ifs, ands, or buts.”
casued by damage to left superior temporal lobe and/or left supramarginal gyrus.
What is transcortical motor aphasia?
nonfluent aphasia with good comprehension and repetition
What is transcortical sensory aphasia?
poor comprehension with fluent speech and repetition
What is mixed transcortical aphasia?
nonfluent speech, poor comprehension, and good repetition
