Chapter 15 quiz Flashcards
You have arrived at a residence where a 4-month-old baby was found in his crib in cardiac arrest. Emergency Medical Responders have been on scene for 5 minutes prior to arrival. They began CPR immediately on reaching the patient’s side. You have an AED with adult pads with you, but not pediatric pads. After rechecking and confirming that the patient is in cardiac arrest, you would:
A) continue CPR and transfer to the stretcher for transport.
B) continue CPR for 2 more minutes before placing the AED.
C) place the AED on the patient and follow all prompts.
D) discuss with the parents if they want to proceed with use of the AED.
C) place the AED on the patient and follow all prompts.
A 7-year-old boy choked on a grape at school. By the time the obstruction was removed, assessment revealed him to be in cardiac arrest. When you arrive, teachers are performing CPR. The school nurse informs you that CPR has been in progress for 6 minutes. You have an AED, but do not have a pediatric conversion device that reduces the energy of defibrillation from that of an adult to that of a child. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
A) Continue CPR and transfer the boy to the stretcher for immediate transport.
B) Perform five abdominal thrusts and then 1 minute of CPR before using the AED.
C) Instruct the teachers to continue CPR for 2 additional minutes before applying the AED.
D) Place the electrodes on the boy’s chest and follow the AED’s prompts.
D) Place the electrodes on the boy’s chest and follow the AED’s prompts.
An unrestrained 37-year-old female is in cardiac arrest after striking a tree head-on at a high rate of speed. Assessment reveals her to have suffered massive blunt trauma to the chest and abdomen. The patient is quickly extricated from the vehicle and placed on a long board for immobilization. It is estimated that the patient has been in cardiac arrest for approximately 10 minutes, during which CPR was not performed. At this time, the EMT would:
A) withhold CPR and perform a focused trauma assessment.
B) perform CPR and contact medical command for permission to use the AED.
C) administer CPR for 2 minutes prior to applying the AED.
D) apply electrodes to the patient’s chest and follow the AED’s instructions.
B) perform CPR and contact medical command for permission to use the AED.
You have been assigned to a football game to provide standby coverage. While taking a break, you decide to walk to a nearby concession stand for a soft drink. On the way, you come across a group of people standing around a male patient who collapsed and is on the ground. Your assessment reveals him to be unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless. A bystander states that the patient collapsed less than a minute earlier. An AED is located less than a minute from your location. The nearest EMT is 5 minutes from your location. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
A) Call for assistance and start CPR.
B) Take manual in-line spinal stabilization.
C) Start CPR and wait for the AED.
D) Run to retrieve the nearby AED.
D) Run to retrieve the nearby AED.
A “No Shock Advised” message is provided by the AED. The EMT understands that this could mean:
A) the patient is in ventricular fibrillation.
B) the electrodes may be loose.
C) the patient has regained a pulse.
D) CPR is no longer needed.
C) the patient has regained a pulse.
If a cardiac arrest patient were in asystole ("flat line"), which of the following messages would the AED provide?
A) "Shock advised"
B) "Press analyze"
C) "No shock advised"
D) "Check electrodes"C) “No shock advised”
After receiving a “No Shock Advised” message from the AED, it is determined that the patient has a weak pulse and slow and shallow respirations. You would immediately:
A) obtain a blood pressure.
B) provide 2 minutes of CPR.
C) start positive pressure ventilation.
D) transfer to the stretcher for transport.
C) start positive pressure ventilation.
When should the EMT transport the cardiac arrest patient?
A) After three “No Shock Advised” messages are received
B) After one shock has been delivered and the patient remains in cardiac arrest
C) Before delivering the first shock when a “Shock Advised” message is received
D) Immediately upon determining that the patient is in cardiac arrest
A) After three “No Shock Advised” messages are received
What statement regarding care for the adult patient in cardiac arrest is true?
A) “When using an AED, the machine should be turned on before applying the electrodes.”
B) “It is important to always check for a pulse immediately after the AED has delivered a shock.”
C) “When checking for a patient’s pulse, the EMT should take no more than 5 seconds.”
D) “If two EMTs are performing CPR, a ratio of 30 compressions to two ventilations can be used.”
A) “When using an AED, the machine should be turned on before applying the electrodes.”
You have been called for a 57-year-old female who has choked on a large pill. On arrival you find the patient collapsed on the floor with family by her side. Your assessment reveals her to be unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
A) Start chest compressions.
B) Open the airway and attempt ventilation.
C) Perform five abdominal thrusts.
D) Apply the AED and hit the “analyze” button.
B) Open the airway and attempt ventilation.
Which one of the following unresponsive patients would the EMT recognize as in cardiac arrest?
A) Male with an absent radial pulse but breathing 20 times a minute
B) Female who is not breathing and has a heart rate of 24 beats per minute
C) Male patient with a heart rate of 16 beats per minute and agonal respirations
D) Female who has an occasional gasp for a breath but no palpable carotid pulse
D) Female who has an occasional gasp for a breath but no palpable carotid pulse
While using the AED to treat a patient in cardiac arrest, your partner informs you that he can feel a carotid pulse. Which of the following should you do immediately?
A) Insert an oropharyngeal airway.
B) Reanalyze the patient’s heart rhythm.
C) Assess the patient’s breathing.
D) Obtain a blood pressure.
C) Assess the patient’s breathing.
After you apply the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, it delivered a shock. Immediately after the shock, the EMT should do which one of the following?
A) Check the patient for a pulse and reanalyze the rhythm if no pulse is present.
B) Check the patient for a pulse and start CPR if no pulse can be located.
C) Provide five cycles of single-rescuer CPR with a ratio of 15 compressions to two ventilations.
D) Provide 2 minutes of CPR, and then check the patient for a pulse.
D) Provide 2 minutes of CPR, and then check the patient for a pulse.
You have just applied the AED to a female patient in cardiac arrest and the machine is ready to analyze the heart rhythm. Which of the following instructions is appropriate at this time?
A) “Stop CPR but continue to check for a pulse.”
B) “Stop chest compressions but continue ventilation.”
C) “Continue CPR until we see if a shock is advised.”
D) “Stop CPR and clear the patient.”
D) “Stop CPR and clear the patient.”
You have been called for an elderly male patient who suddenly collapsed. On scene you find an 82-year-old man lying on the garage floor. Assessment reveals him to be unresponsive and not breathing. Which one of the following should you do immediately? A) Determine the "down time." B) Check for a carotid pulse. C) Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. D) Apply the AED.
B) Check for a carotid pulse.
A 47-year-old patient has been in cardiac arrest for 6 minutes. While you set up the AED, you would direct your partner to:
A) perform CPR at a ratio of 30 ventilations to two compressions.
B) start cardiopulmonary resuscitation until the AED is ready.
C) assist you in making sure that the AED is ready for application.
D) perform a primary and secondary assessment.
B) start cardiopulmonary resuscitation until the AED is ready.
A patient goes into cardiac arrest at 11:40 A.M. Which of the following treatment descriptions gives the patient the best chance for recovery?
A) Defibrillation at 11:44 A.M. followed by CPR at 11:49 A.M.
B) CPR at 11:41 A.M. and defibrillation at 11:43 A.M.
C) Defibrillation at 11:46 A.M. followed by ACLS at 11:51 A.M.
D) CPR at 11:42 A.M. and advanced cardiac drugs at 11:48 A.M.
B) CPR at 11:41 A.M. and defibrillation at 11:43 A.M.
The AED has just been applied to a female cardiac arrest patient. After analyzing the heart rhythm, it provides a “No Shock Advised” message. The EMT should immediately:
A) check the patient for a pulse and blood pressure.
B) check the electrodes for proper placement.
C) resume cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
D) reanalyze the patient’s heart rhythm.
C) resume cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
After analyzing a cardiac arrest patient’s heart rhythm, the AED provides a “Deliver Shock” message. After clearing the patient, the EMT’s next step should be to:
A) press the shock button, and then check for the return of a pulse.
B) press the shock button, and then perform CPR for 2 minutes.
C) check for a pulse, and then press the shock button if a pulse is not present.
D) press the shock button, and then allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm.
B) press the shock button, and then perform CPR for 2 minutes.
Which one of the following is a benefit of the automated external defibrillator?
A) Its ability to identify and confirm cardiac arrest
B) The ease and speed by which it can be used
C) The need for little-to-no training
D) Elimination of the need for a primary assessment
B) The ease and speed by which it can be used
The AED should never be applied to a patient who is not in cardiac arrest because some patients in:
A) ventricular fibrillation may be conscious and alert.
B) ventricular fibrillation may have a pulse.
C) asystole may still have a pulse.
D) ventricular tachycardia may have a pulse.
D) ventricular tachycardia may have a pulse.
Which one of the following links in the American Heart Association's Chain of Survival must occur first, if a patient is to survive cardiac arrest? A) Early defibrillation B) Early advanced life support C) Early CPR D) Early access
D) Early access
You have been dispatched to a residence for a male patient with a cardiac history who is complaining of chest pain. On scene you find a 52-year-old male patient sitting in a chair. He is alert and oriented and states that his chest pain feels like the last time he had a heart attack. He also states that in the hospital his heart stopped and they had to shock him twice before it restarted. He is breathing adequately and has a strong radial pulse. Which one of the following would be appropriate in the care of this patient?
A) Apply the AED to the patient but do not turn it on.
B) Provide positive pressure ventilation with high-concentration oxygen.
C) Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.
D) Obtain the heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.
D) Obtain the heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.
A 52-year-old male has collapsed on his front porch and his family dialed 911. When you arrive, the daughter informs you that the patient has been down for approximately 8 minutes. Assessment reveals him to be in cardiac arrest. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
A) Hold CPR so that the AED can be checked and applied for use.
B) Start CPR while the AED is readied for use.
C) Contact medical direction for permission to use the AED given the downtime.
D) Perform five cycles of CPR at a ratio of 15 compressions to two ventilations (single rescuer CPR).
B) Start CPR while the AED is readied for use.
You have arrived at a residence for a 66-year-old female who is in cardiac arrest. In the living room, you find Emergency Medical Responders performing CPR on the patient. They quickly report that they found the patient in cardiac arrest and have been doing CPR for 5 minutes. Which one of the following statements should you make at this time?
A) “Let’s continue CPR while I talk with the family to see if they want us to continue.”
B) “Let’s stop CPR so I can check the airway, breathing, and circulation.”
C) “Let’s continue CPR for another 2 minutes, and then I will put the AED on.”
D) “Let’s stop CPR so I can put the electrodes of the AED on her chest.”
B) “Let’s stop CPR so I can check the airway, breathing, and circulation.”
Which one of the following statements about the heart rhythm of ventricular fibrillation is true?
A) “The AED is designed to identify ventricular fibrillation and give a ‘No Shock Advised’ message when it is present.”
B) “When a patient’s heart is in ventricular fibrillation, it is unable to pump blood throughout the body.”
C) “Ventricular fibrillation occurs when the heart rate is so slow and weak that a pulse cannot be felt.”
D) “The most effective treatment for converting ventricular fibrillation to a healthy heart rhythm is CPR.”
B) “When a patient’s heart is in ventricular fibrillation, it is unable to pump blood throughout the body.”
As you arrive at a metal scrap yard for an unknown medical emergency, you observe a male supine on the ground with AED electrodes on his chest. The AED operator has just ordered coworkers to clear the patient because the AED is going to shock. Within seconds, the AED delivers a shock without the operator pressing a "shock" button. The EMT should recognize what type of AED? A) Manual B) Biphasic D) Fully automated D) Semi-automated
D) Fully automated
It is critical that the EMT never apply the AED to a person who is not in cardiac arrest because an accidental shock could:
A) produce full thickness burns and lead to a deadly infection.
B) cause the patient to lose his eyesight.
C) cause the beating heart to go into cardiac arrest.
D) cause the patient extreme pain.
C) cause the beating heart to go into cardiac arrest.
Which one of the following statements about the AED and its use in the treatment of cardiac arrest is true?
A) “AEDs have simplified the treatment of cardiac arrest to the point where the EMT does not have to be worried about inappropriately shocking a patient.”
B) “To use an AED, the EMT must be able to identify some basic cardiac arrest heart rhythms so that he or she can tell the AED to shock or not shock the patient.”
C) “Research has shown that the first shock delivered by an AED is often faster than the first shock delivered by a manual defibrillator.”
D) “The AED is advantageous in that it will determine if a patient is in cardiac arrest and whether or not to shock.”
C) “Research has shown that the first shock delivered by an AED is often faster than the first shock delivered by a manual defibrillator.”
Within two minutes of going into cardiac arrest, an AED is applied, the patient is shocked, and a pulse is restored. The EMT should recognize that the heart was in:
A) asystole and now is in an organized rhythm.
B) ventricular fibrillation and now is in asystole.
C) ventricular fibrillation and now is in cardiac arrest.
D) ventricular fibrillation and now is in an organized rhythm.
D) ventricular fibrillation and now is in an organized rhythm.
A patient has just gone into cardiac arrest. His heart is most likely in what rhythm? A) Ventricular tachycardia B) Pulseless electrical activity C) Ventricular fibrillation D) Asystole
C) Ventricular fibrillation
Your service has a new AED. During the in-service on the new device, the instructor informs you that it is a semi-automated AED and uses a biphasic wave form, as opposed to the monophasic form used by the previous AED. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that:
A) the new AED will defibrillate with higher amounts of electrical energy.
B) the new AED will defibrillate with lower amounts of electrical energy.
C) less energy but more shocks will be needed to treat cardiac arrest.
D) the EMT will not need to press a “shock” button to shock the patient.
B) the new AED will defibrillate with lower amounts of electrical energy.
Because of a shortage of paramedics at your ambulance service, it has been announced that there will be AEDs placed on every ambulance for use by EMT crews. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of how this will affect the EMTs?
A) “EMTs will have to learn how to interpret ECG tracings.”
B) “The AED will let us know whether or not to shock the patient.”
C) “Cardiopulmonary resuscitation will no longer be needed.”
D) “EMTs will now be able to shock all patients in cardiac arrest.”
B) “The AED will let us know whether or not to shock the patient.”
The EMT should request advanced life support (ALS) backup for a patient in cardiac arrest because:
A) paramedics must be present in order for the EMT to use the AED.
B) ALS care is superior to basic life support care, even with the AED.
C) cardiac arrest patients must be transported by ALS personnel.
D) ALS treatment decreases the possibility of the patient going back into cardiac arrest once successful defibrillation has occurred.
D) ALS treatment decreases the possibility of the patient going back into cardiac arrest once successful defibrillation has occurred.
A patient arrests at 1313. E-911 is activated and dispatches an ambulance at 1315. The ambulance arrives on scene at 1319 and the EMTs reach the patient's side and start care at 1321. After transporting the patient, the patient is transferred to the ED staff at 1346. Based on that information, which one of the following is true? A) Total down time is 6 minutes. B) Down time is 25 minutes. C) Down time is 8 minutes. D) Total down time is 31 minutes.
C) Down time is 8 minutes.
