2.2 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What do u need in order for ur body to grow
A
Nutrients
2
Q
Where does nutrients come from
A
Food we eat
Liquids we drink
3
Q
Diet?
A
The food and drinks u ingest
4
Q
What does food provide? In what form? What does this provide? What is this used for?
A
Food provides nutrients in the form of carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals which provides energy and materials used for growth development and repair
5
Q
What are the four food groups
A
Grain products
Fruits and veggies
Milk products
Meat and alternatives
6
Q
What r the five types of nutrients u can obtain from food
A
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Minerals and vitamins
7
Q
Carbohydrates
A
Compounds that contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
8
Q
What is the body’s quickest source if energy
A
Carbohydrates
9
Q
What r the two types of carbohydrates
A
Simple carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates
10
Q
Simple carbohydrates
A
A molecule of sugar
11
Q
Complex carbohydrates
A
A chain of simple carbohydrates
12
Q
What does your body have to do before it uses the energy from carbohydrates? How long does this take?
A
Break complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates before using the energy
This takes long
13
Q
How long does it take for simple carbohydrates to turn into energy
A
Fairly quick
14
Q
What are foods we consider starchy?
A
Foods they consider starchy contain complex carbohydrates
15
Q
What are some examples of complex carbohydrates
A
Potatoes
Rice
Veggies
Pasta
16
Q
Protein
A
Chains of amino acid
17
Q
What do proteins build
A
Muscle
Skin
Hair
Nails
18
Q
What are proteins primarily found in
A
Meats and Fish
Nuts
Soy
Dairy products
19
Q
Fats? What is it used to build?
A
Stored for future energy use
Used to build cell membrane
20
Q
What are the two types of fat
A
Unsaturated fat
Saturated fat
21
Q
Unsaturated fat?
A
Good fat
Liquid at room temperature
22
Q
Examples of unsaturated fat?
A
Fruits
Vegetables
Fish and corn
Olive and vegetable oil
23
Q
Saturated fat
A
Solid at room temperature
Bad fat
24
Q
Examples of saturated fat
A
Found in butter and lard
25
Good fats are...
Cis unsaturated
26
Bad fats are
Trans unsaturated
27
What can diet rich of saturated fat cause
Heart disease
| Plaque
28
Plaque
Cellular debris that contains, among other things, colestral and connective tissue that swell and harden arteries
29
Mineral
The Chemical elements-other than carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen-needed by living organisms
30
Vitamin
An organic compound needed in tiny amounts that cannot be made by an organism
31
What's an exception to vitamins and why
One exception is vitamin D, which the skin of vertebrates can make in small amounts when exposed to sunlight
32
Florine's function and source
Function:dental cavity reduction
Source:fluoridated water
33
Iron function and source
Function:formation of red blood cell parts;transportation of oxygen throughout the body
Source:liver, egg yolks, grains, meats, leafy vegetables
34
Sodium function and source
Function:nerve activity
Source:bacon, butter, tab,e salt, vegetables
35
Magnesium source and function
Function:muscle and nerve activity ;bone formation
Source:fruits, vegetables, grains
36
Calcium source and function
Source:Teeth and bone formation;muscle and nerve activity
Function:milk, grains, calcium-fortified orange juice and soy milk
37
Phosphorus source and function
Function:teeth and bone formation;muscle and nerve activity
Source:milk,grains,veggies
38
Copper source and function
Function:development of red blood cells
Source:grains, liver
39
Potassium source and function
Function:muscle and nerve activity
Source:vegetables, bananas
40
Sulfur source and function
Function:hair, nails and skin builder
Source:grains, fruits, eggs, cheese
41
How much water do you need each day?
3 to 5 L
42
What does water do in your body
Transports nutrients and wastes
Supports chemical reactions
Cools the body through precipitation or sweat
43
Digestion
The chemical and mechanical breaking down of food into nutrients and waste.
44
Digestive system
The collection of body parts that collectively digest the food you eat
45
What are the four stages of digestion
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorbing
Eliminating
46
What does your body use enzymes for
Used to speed up chemical reactions in your body
47
Enzymes
A protein in the body that speeds up chemical reactions
48
Digestion occurs…
In one long continuous tube
49
Where does the digestion process start and end
Starts with mouth ends with anus
50
Ingesting
The process of food entering the body through the mouth
51
Digestion starts... Because..
Digestion starts the moment food enters your mouth because of mechanical digestion
52
Mechanical digestion
The breaking down of food by mechanical means (chewing-teeth and touché) (squishing-stomach)
53
What is each piece created by the chewing called?
Bonus
54
Bolus
A mass of food that has been chewed
55
What happens before the bolts gets swallowed
Before the bolus gets swallowed, it Gets covered in saliva
56
What does saliva contain? What type of digestion is this
Enzymes
| Chemical digestion
57
What is the primary enzyme called
Amylase
58
Amylase
An enzyme in the mouth that begins the breaking down of carbohydrates
59
As the bolus leaves ur mouth, where does it enter
Pharynx
60
Pharynx
The part of the throat and neck where your airways meet the rest of your digestive system
61
What is the flap of flesh that prevents food from entering your airways?
Epiglottis
62
Epiglottis
A flap of soft tissue that folds down to block airways while eating or while breathing
63
After swallowing, where does the bolus enter
Esophagus
64
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach
65
How is the bolus pushed through the esophagus
By a process called peristalsis
66
Peristalsis
A rhythmic contraction of muscle in sequence that pushes material through the digestive system
67
Where does the bolus enter after exiting the esophagus
Stomach
68
What is the stomach filled with
Gastric juice
69
Gastric juice
A liquid in the stomach composed mainly of water, hydraulic acid, mucus, and the enzyme pepsin
70
What is the stomach lined with to protect it from the acidic gastric juice
Mucus
71
Mucus
A slippery, gel-like substance produced by the body to protect soft tissue
72
What's a reason why gastric juice needs to be acidic
Because pepsin needs an acidic environment to function
73
Pepsin
An emzyme that breaks down proteins in an acidic environment
74
What happens when the bolus is dropped in the stomach? What type Of digestion is this? What does this do to the bolus?
It is covered in gastric juice and mixed around by the contracting stomach.
Mechanical and chemical digestion.
Breaks the bolus down into a liquid called chyme
75
Chyme
A near liquid mixture of partly digested food and gastric juice
76
What does the stomach have on each end?
Sphincter
77
Sphincter
A ring of muscle that can open and close, acting as a valve
78
What separates the esophagus from the stomach?
Esophageal sphincter
79
Esophageal sphincter
Seperates the Esophagus from the stomach
80
What does the esophageal sphincter do when ur vomiting or experiencing heartburn?
The sphincter opens and allows stomach acid into the esophagus, causing pain and injury
81
Pyloric sphincter
Separates the stomach from the intestines
82
Duodenum
The first 25-30cm of the small intestines, where most chemical digestion takes place
83
Jejunum
2.5 m long, where most absorption takes place
84
Ileum
Remainder of the small intestines, where any remaining nutrients is absorbed
85
What does the pancreas produce
Enzymes that enter the small intestines and help digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats
86
What does the liver produce
Bile, which gets stored in the gall bladder
87
Bile
- a greenish brown fluid that helps digest fats in the small intestines
- breaks up large clumps of fat into smaller droplets
88
Absorption
The process of absorbing material and products
89
What are the small intestines covered in
Villi
90
Villi
- folds or finger like structures that lines the walls of the small intestines
- increase the surface area for absorption by 500x
91
What is the large intestines main function
To reabsorb water and some minerals
92
By the time water is done with the intestines, how much of it is absorbed
90%
93
How does material move along in the large intestine
Peristalsis
94
What does bacteria do in the large intestines
Use ur digested material to produce vitamins
95
What do bacteria do in ur digestive system
Help break down and absorb food
96
What is Undigested materials left over eliminated as?
Feces
97
Feces
Undigested solid waste material left over after digestion
98
Where is feces stored? Where is feces eliminated?
Stored in the rectum
| Eliminated through anus
99
Elimination
Process of removing solid waste after digestion
100
Excretion
Removal of liquid waste through the urinary tract
101
Explain how u pee
- kidneys filter waste out of our blood
- urine forms and passes through the ureters to the bladder
- when the bladder is full, urine is flushed from the body through the urethra
102
How do eating disorders result
When a person doesn't get the required nutrients to be healthy
103
Anorexia nervosa
When someone severely restricts what they eat
104
Bulimia nervosa? What does it use laxatives for?
When someone eats large amounts of food, then voids (intentionally vomits)
uses laxatives to get rid of food before it is fully digested
