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Chapter 2 > 2.3 > Flashcards

2.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Heart

A

A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout ur body

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2
Q

Atria

A

The smaller chambers that receive blood from the body

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3
Q

Ventricle

A

Larger chambers that pump blood out to the body

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4
Q

How many atria and ventricles are there in the heart

A

2 of each

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5
Q

How many chambers r there in the heart

A

4

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6
Q

Where is the left atrium

A

Left side of the body

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7
Q

Where is the right atrium

A

Right side of body

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8
Q

Why is it thicker around the left ventricle than around the left

A

Because the left ventricle pumps blood to the body, where the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, a shorter distance

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9
Q

Where is it the thinnest around the atria

A

The atria pumps blood into the ventricles, a very short distance

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10
Q

What are between each chamber

A

Valves

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11
Q

Valve

A

Two or three flaps of skin that work together , allowing blood to flow in only one direction

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12
Q

Circulatory system

A

The system of pump (heart) and tubes (blood vessels) that move blood around the body

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13
Q

Blood vessels

A

Tubes composed of specialized epithelial, connective and sometimes nerve tissue, that carry blood around the body

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14
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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15
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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16
Q

What do most arteries carry

A

Oxygenated blood

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17
Q

What is the exceptions to arteries

A

Pulmonary artery

Umbilical arteries

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18
Q

Why is the umbilical artery an exeption to arteries

A

Because it connects a mothers heart to a developing fetus

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19
Q

What is the largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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20
Q

Aorta

A

A 25mm wide artery that Exits directly from the heart, carrying oxygenated to the body

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21
Q

Farther away from the heart, what happens to arteries

A

Arteries branch of and become smaller and smaller

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22
Q

Arterioles

A

The smallest arteries in the body, with a diameter of only 0.5mm

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23
Q

Capillaries

A

Network of tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins

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24
Q

What happens in the capillaries?how?

A

Where gas exchange happens

  • oxygen, nutrients and glucose diffuse across the capillary wall into liquid that surrounds tissue cells
  • carbon dioxide and other waste materials diffuse the other way, into the capillaries
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25
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
26
What do most vein carry
Deoxygenated blood
27
What's the two exceptions to veins
Pulmonary vein | Umbilical vein
28
Why is umbilical vein an exception
Connects the mothers heart to a developing fetus
29
What is the Largest vein
Vena cava
30
Superior vena cava
A large diameter vein that empties directly into the heart, returning blood from the upper body
31
Inferior vena cava
A large diameter vein that empties directly into the heart, returning blood from the lower body
32
What happens to veins when they get father from the heart
Branch off and become smaller and smaller
33
Venules
The smallest veins in the body, with a diameter of inky 0.1mm
34
How are arteries and veins structurally different
- arteries carry blood at a higher pressure than veins, so they are thicker, more elastic and muscular - veins carry lower pressure blood, and in the inferior vena cava, have to pump upwards against gravity (therefore, they have valve structures that prevent blood from flowing the wrong direction)
35
Blood
Specialized body fluid that delivers important substances around the body
36
What does blood do
- transports oxygen, nutrients and water to ur cells - carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from ur cells - carries specialized cells to help fight infections and heal wounds
37
How much blood does an average person contains blood
5L
38
How much percent of blood is plasma
55%
39
How much of blood is other components
45%
40
What is in other components
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
41
Plasma
Yellowish fluid that contains proteins, minerals and other substances
42
Every second, how many red blood cells are produced in ur body
2million
43
Red blood cells
Specialized blood cells that transport oxygen to ur body tissues and carbon dioxide to ur lungs
44
Hemoglobin
Iron containing molecule that binds the oxygen and carbon dioxide
45
What are the three places red blood cells r produced
Bone marrow Liver Spleen
46
Bone marrow
Soft tissue found inside of bones
47
A drop of healthy blood contains about how much white blood cells.
5000 to 11000 white blood cells
48
White blood cells
Specialized blood cells that fight infection and prevent the growth of cancer
49
What are bigger, white or red blood cells
White
50
How much do white blood cells contain in blood? What happens to this when apt eyrie is am infection?
1% of blood is white blood cells | This number increases when there an infection
51
Platelets
Small blood cells that thicken the blood during bleeding, allowing a clot to form
52
What is the main function of the respiratory system
Breathing
53
Respiratory system
A system of tubes, your lungs and diaphragm that move gas into and out of the body
54
Lungs
Large organs in ur chest where gas is exchanged
55
Where does breathing begin
When u inhale through ur mouth or nose
56
Cilia
Tiny hairs in the nasal cavity that filter and warm inhaled air
57
What do the cilia and mucus do in ur nose
Work together to trap dirt and other particles - some get pushed back out the nose - some get pushed down into the digestive system, rather than in the respiratory system
58
What happens after air is inhaled through ur nose
Air inhaled through ur nose passes ur nasal cavity first, where smell receptors detect any odours, and then into the pharynx, past the epiglottis, and through the larynx, air passes through trachea, then through bronchi, them bronchioles,
59
What happens after air is inhaled through ur mouth
Air passes through pharynx, past the epiglottis, and then through ur larynx, air passes through trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
60
What us the larynx also called
Voice box
61
Larynx
An organ in the neck that contains vocal cords
62
Trachea
A tube that connects the larynx to the lungs, held open by c shaped bands of cartilage
63
The trachea branches into
Bronchi
64
Bronchi
Cartilage-banded tubes that branch from the trachea and carry gas into and out of lungs
65
Bronchi become smaller the are called
Bronchioles
66
Bronchioles
Branches of the bronchi, not banded by cartilage
67
The airways end in tiny, thin walled sacs called
Alveoli
68
Alveoli? What is this process called?
Thin walled sac deep in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs This process is called gas exchange
69
Gas exchange
The process of passing gas between the circulatory system and the respiratory system
70
Tiny capillaries from the circulatory system wrap around the numerous, small alveoli. What does this do?
Increase the surface area they are in contact with
71
After inhalation, the concentration of oxygen In lungs is.. Why?
Elevated because oxygen diffuses into blood, where its concentration is lower
72
The concentration of carbon dioxide on blood is...
Elevated because carbon dioxide diffuses into lungs, where its concentration is lower
73
How does the cycle if breathing repeat again
Exhalation pushes carbon dioxide out of the body, and the cycle repeats

Chapter 2 (3 decks)

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