22: Arthrology: Shoulder and Arm

Question 1

Sternoclavicular joint type

Answer 1

Sellar synovial

Question 2

Two parts of an articular capsule (present in the joints discussed)

Answer 2

Fibrous capsule, synovial membrane

Question 3

Costoclavicular L

Answer 3

From sternal end of clavicle -> 1st rib

Question 4

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular L’s

Answer 4

Thickened fibrous capsule on anterior/posterior aspect of sternoclavicular joint

Question 5

Interclavicular L

Answer 5

From sternal end of clavicle -> other clavicle

Question 6

AC joint type

Answer 6

Planar synovial joint

Question 7

Two main ligaments of the AC joint

Answer 7

1. Acromioclavicular L

2. Coracoclavicular L

Question 8

Two parts of the coracoclavicular L and what they attach to

Answer 8

Trapezoid L: trapezoid line -> coracoid process

Conoid L: conoid tubercle -> coracoid process

Question 9

What is referred to with a “shoulder separation”?

Answer 9

AC joint separation

Question 10

GH joint type

Answer 10

Spheroidal synovial joint

Question 11

Why is the fibrous capsule of the GH joint open in two places? (two reasons)

Answer 11

1. Allow biceps brachii T passage

2. Communicate with subscapular bursa

Question 12

Two bursae of the GH joint

Answer 12

1. Subscapular bursa

2. Subacromial bursa

Question 13

Four ligaments around the GH joint

Answer 13

1. Glenohumeral L
2. Coracohumeral L
3. Transverse humeral L
4. Coracoacromial L

Question 14

Glenohumeral L

Answer 14

Glenoid labrum -> anatomical humeral neck (blends with fibrous capsule)

Question 15

Coracohumeral L

Answer 15

Base of coracoid process -> anterior edge of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 16

Transverse humeral L

Answer 16

Greater humeral tubercle -> lesser humeral tubercle (encapsulates long head of biceps brachii in intertubercular groove)

Question 17

Coracoacromial arch

Answer 17

Coracoid process + coracoacromial L + acromion

Question 18

Where is the GH joint most susceptible to dislocation, and why

Answer 18

Anterior/inferior; bc coracoacromial arch prevents superior dislocation

Question 19

Elbow joint type

Answer 19

Ginglymus synovial joint

Question 20

What two joints in the elbow have continuous synovial membranes?

Answer 20

Elbow joint proper + proximal radioulnar joint

Question 21

Two elbow ligaments and their attachments

Answer 21

Ulnar collateral L: medial humeral epi -> coronoid process of ulna
Radial collateral L: lateral humeral epi -> blends with annular L of radial head

Question 22

Three bands of the UCL of elbow and why theyre important

Answer 22

1. Anterior band: strongest
2. Posterior band: weakest
3. Oblique band: deepens socket for humeral trochlea

Question 23

Direction most common for elbow dislocation and what usually tears?

Answer 23

Posterior, UCL tear

Question 24

Common force causing elbow dislocation

Answer 24

Force transmitted along long axis of forearm

Question 25

Olecranon bursae: three bursae

Answer 25

1. Subtendinous olecranon bursa
2. Intratendinous olecranon bursa
3. Subq olecranon bursa

Question 26

Two most common elbow bursa to become inflamed + their locations

Answer 26

1. Subq olecranon bursa: in subq CT over olecranon

2. Bicipitoradial bursa: between biceps brachii T + radial tuberosity

Question 27

Three other names for subq olecranon bursitis

Answer 27

Students elbow, dart throwers elbow, miner’s elbow

Question 28

Three articulations between radius and ulna

Answer 28

Proximal, distal, and middle radioulnar joints

Question 29

Proximal and distal radioulnar joint type

Answer 29

Trochoid synovial joint

Question 30

Middle radioulnar joint type

Answer 30

Syndesmosis

Question 31

Primary site of supination and pronation for radioulnar joints

Answer 31

Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 32

Where is the synovial membrane of the proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 32

Lines underside of annular L

Question 33

Sacciform recess

Answer 33

Two of them - Small pocket of synovium that protrudes out from under annular L + small pocket out from under fibrous capsule

Question 34

Annular L attachments

Answer 34

Coronoid process of ulna -> around radial head -> inserts back onto ulna

Question 35

Dislocation of radial head out of annular L

Answer 35

Typically from pulling on arm of child, sometimes called Nursemaid’s elbow or pulled elbow

Question 36

Does the interosseous membrane limit pronation and supination?

Answer 36

No