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MSK Exam 2 > 29: Integument Histo > Flashcards

29: Integument Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis vs dermis derivation

A

Epidermis: ectoderm
Dermis: mesoderm

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2
Q

Hypodermis

A

Loose CT binding skin loosely to adjacent organs/tissue

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3
Q

Two components in hypodermis

A

Adipocytes, extensive vasculature

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4
Q

Dermal-epidermal junction

A

Dermal papillae + epidermal ridges

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5
Q

Two things that provide a tight interface at dermal-epidermal junctions

A

Hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions

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6
Q

Thickness of thick vs thin skin

A

Thick: 400-1400um
Thin: 75-150um

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7
Q

Layer difference between thick and thin skin

A

Thick has stratum lucidum

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8
Q

Squames

A

Fully keratinized/cornified cells in the stratum corneum

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9
Q

Five layers of the epidermis from outside in

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale
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10
Q

Stratum lucidum contents

A

Almost exclusively keratin filaments at this point; nuclei and organelles have been lost

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11
Q

What holds stratum lucidum together?

A

Desmosomes

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12
Q

How many layers of cells in stratum corneum? Granulosum?

A

Corneum: 15-20
Granulosum: 3-5

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13
Q

Two granule types in stratum granulosum

A

Keratohyalin granules, lamellar granules

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14
Q

Keratohyalin granules: two contents

A

Tonofibrils, filaggrin (bundling protein)

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15
Q

Tonofibrils

A

Microscopically visible bundles of keratin

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16
Q

Lamellar granule contents

A

Lipids, glycoproteins

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17
Q

Function of lamellar granules

A

Undergo exocytosis to produce a lipid-rich, impermeable layer to protect against water loss

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18
Q

Thickest epidermal layer

A

Stratum spinosum

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19
Q

Where do tonofibrils first assemble in the epidermis?

A

Stratum spinosum

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20
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single layer of keratinocytes with interspersed SCs

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21
Q

What layer of epidermis is melanin found?

A

Stratum basale

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22
Q

Two junctions connecting cells in stratum basale

A

Desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

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23
Q

Two processes keratinocytes undergo

A

Keratinization, desquamation (shedding)

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24
Q

Melanocytes function

A

Produce melanin and transfer it to keratinocytes

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25
Location of melanocytes and langerhans cells
Melanocytes: stratum basale | Langerhans cells: stratum spinosum
26
Derivation of melanocytes and langerhans cells
Melanocytes: neural crest cells | Langerhans cells: monocytes
27
Melanin function
Protects nuclei from UV radiation
28
Epidermal-melanin unit
One melanocytes gives melanin to about 10 keratinocytes
29
Melanin production: four steps
1. Tyrosine -> DOPA (by tyrosinase) 2. DOPA -> polymerized to melanin 3. Reactions occur in premelanosomes (membrane-bound organelles) 4. More melanin produced -> melanosomes
30
Langerhans cells
APCs in skin, with long processes
31
Sebaceous gland secretion type
Holocrine secretion
32
Sebaceous gland secretion
Sebum: mix of triglycerides + cholesterol
33
Functions of sebum
Lubricates, softens, and waterproofs skin
34
Two types of sweat glands
1. Eccrine sweat glands | 2. Apocrine sweat glands
35
Sweat gland duct type and secretion type
Ducts: stratified cuboidal Secretion: merocrine
36
Myoepithelial cells in sweat glands
Facilitate expulsion of secretions
37
Eccrine vs apocrine sweat gland location
Eccrine: all over skin Apocrine: axilla, genitals, anus
38
Eccrine vs apocrine sweat composition
Eccrine: H2O, salt, ammonia, uric acid, mucinogen granules Apocrine: protein, carb, ammonia
39
Hair bulb
Terminal dilation of hair follicle
40
Hair matrix
Where hair cells divide and differentiate, creating hair growth
41
Cell type that forms hair matrix
Keratinocytes
42
Follicular bulge: cells present there + location
Epidermal SCs, near insertion of arrector pili M.
43
Where arrector pili M’s attach
Midpoint of hair root -> papillary layer of dermis
44
Nails: cell type
Highly keratinized epidermis
45
Nail matrix
SCs that divide to form keratinocytes to make nails
46
Nail blaze
Pushes forward by continuous growth while remaining attached to the nail bed
47
Lunula
Crescent shaped white area near nail matrix
48
Cuticle (eponychium) f nail
Extension of skin covering nail root
49
Two layers of dermis and thier tissue type
1. Papillary: loose CT just beneath epidermis | 2. Reticular: dense irregular CT with coarse elastic fibers
50
Three things present in the papillary dermis layer
Vasculature, nerves, dermal papillae
51
Langer’s lines
Regular lines of tension in reticular layer of dermis
52
Two plexuses in the skin and their locations
Subpapillary plexus: between papillary + reticular dermis | Deep plexus: near dermis-hypodermis interface
53
Four sensory receptors in the skin
1. Merkel cells 2. Free nerve endings 3. Meissner’s corpuscleS 4. Pacinian corpuscles
54
Merkel cell location
Epithelium
55
Free nerve ending location
Papillary dermis -> into lower epidermal layers
56
Meissner’s corpuscles location
Dermal papillae (perpendicular to epidermis)
57
Pacinian corpuscle location
Reticular dermis, hypodermis, CT of visceral organs
58
Merkel cells
Tactile cells that sense gentle touch
59
Merkel cell composition
Looks like a keratinocytes without melanosomes; with small golgi-derived granules near basolateral surface
60
Merkel cell carcinoma
Rare, aggressive cancer with 2x mortality rate compared to melanoma, but 40x less common
61
Example of a non-encapsulated sensory receptor
Free nerve endings
62
What do free nerve endings respond to?
High and low temp, pain, itching
63
Major location for meissner’s corpuscles
Fingertips, palms, soles
64
Meissner’s corpuscles function
Light touch or low-frequency stimuli
65
Pacinian corpuscles - 2 locations in the body where there’s a lot of them
Wall of rectum, urinary bladder
66
Two encapsulated sensory receptors
Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles
67
Pacinian corpuscles respond to what?
Coarse touch, pressure, vibration

MSK Exam 2 (20 decks)

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