2.2 : Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is glycolysis

Answer 1

the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

Question 2

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

What is required for the phosphorylation of glucose?

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 4

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

Question 5

what is atp required for in glycolysis?

Answer 5

• the phosphorylation of glucose

- the 3 intermediate stages of the energy investment stage

Question 6

what is invested in the energy investment stage of glycolysis?

Answer 6

2 atp

Question 7

what is the pay off of the energy pay off stage of glycolysis?

Answer 7

4 atp (+2)

Question 8

what happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions?

Answer 8

it is broken down into an acetyle group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyle coenzyme A

Question 9

what are the products of the citric acid cycle?

Answer 9

co2 atp nadh (h ions)

Question 10

what combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate?

Answer 10

acetyle group from acetyle coenzyme A

Question 11

what process in the citric acid cycle results in the generation of atp and co2?

Answer 11

citrate converting back into oxaloacetate

Question 12

where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 12

matrix of mitochondria

Question 13

what enzyme removes hydrogen ions and electrons in glycolysis/citric acid cycle?

Answer 13

dehydrogenase

Question 14

what does dehydrogenase pass hydrogen ions and electrons to? and what does it form?

Answer 14

nad-nadh

Question 15

what does nadh pass electrons and hydrogen ions to?

Answer 15

the electron transport chain

Question 16

where is the electron transport chain?

Answer 16

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 17

what is the electron transport chain?

Answer 17

a series of carrier proteins (attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane)

Question 18

what is produced when electrons are passed along the electron transport chain?

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

what does the energy produced by the electron transport chain do?

Answer 19

allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 20

what do the hydrogen ions flow through?

Answer 20

the membrane protein atp synthase

Question 21

what does the flow of hydrogen ions through atp synthase produce?

Answer 21

atp

Question 22

what is the fate of the hydrogen ions and electrons?

Answer 22

they combine with oxygen to produce water

Question 23

where does fermentation take place?

Answer 23

the cytoplasm

Question 24

what causes fermentation?

Answer 24

absence of oxygen

Question 25

what is fermentation in animal cells?

Answer 25

pyruvate is converted to lactate (reversible reaction) atp is produced

Question 26

what is fermentation in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 26

ethanol and co2 are produced (irreversible reaction) atp is produced

Question 27

what is always produced in fermentation?

Answer 27

atp

Question 28

does fermentaion make more or less atp than aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

less

Question 29

what is the role of atp in the transfer of energy?

Answer 29

atp is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy

Question 30

Why can’t respiration occur in anaerobic conditions

Answer 30

Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor