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MICR2209 > 22 - Fungal Diseases 2 > Flashcards

22 - Fungal Diseases 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How are superficial, cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses are transmitted

A

Direct contact

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2
Q

Superficial mycoses

A
  • Infections limited to the outer surface of hair and skin
  • Mostly occur in the tropics
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3
Q

Piedras

A

Infections of hair shaft

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4
Q

Tineas

A

Infections of outer layers of skin, hair and nails

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5
Q

Examples of superficial mycoses

A
  • Trichophyton spp.
  • Malassezia furfur
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6
Q

Trichophyton spp.

A
  • Cause tinea capitis (infection of scalp hair)
  • Example of a dermatophyte
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7
Q

Malassezia furfur

A
  • Causes tinea versicolor
  • Brownish-red scales on skin of trunk, neck, face, arms
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8
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A
  • Infections of skin cells
  • The most common fungal diseases in humans
  • Caused by Dermatophytes
  • Common genera are Microsporum, Trichophyton
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9
Q

Other names for cutaneous mycoses

A

Dermatomycoses,
ringworms, or tineas

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10
Q

Dermatophytes

A
  • A common name for
    filamentous fungi that
    cause skin infections
  • Require keratin as C
    source for growth
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11
Q

Examples of cutaneous mycoses

A
  • Tinea corporis: ringworm of the body
  • Tinea pedis: athlete’s foot
  • Tinea unguinum: nail infection.
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12
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A
  • Caused by Dermatophytes that infect under the skin
  • Fungi normally saprophytic inhabitants
    of soil and decaying vegetation
  • Introduced via puncture wound
  • Disease develops slowly, often over years
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13
Q

Example of subcutaneous mycoses

A

Sporotrichosis

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14
Q

Sporotrichosis

A
  • Caused by Sporothrix schenckii
  • Found on plants (roses, hay)
  • Dimorphic fungus (filamentous form in environment, yeast form
    in hosts or lab)
  • Transmitted via infected cats
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15
Q

When can opportunistic fungi become pathogenic

A
  • Introduced to new environment,
  • Outcompetes other resident microbes
  • Host becomes immunocompromised (e.g. prolonged antibiotic use, cancer, AIDS)
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16
Q

Aspergillosis

A
  • Most widely distributed fungal pathogen (soil, dust, food, water)
  • Inhalation of conidiospores can lead to asthma and bronchitis
  • Fungal colonies form within lungs (form tangled mass of hyphae)
  • May then spread to form disseminated aspergillosis
17
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

A

Most common cause of pulmonary aspergillosis

18
Q

Aspergillus flavus

A

Most common cause of superficial infection
and invasive disease of immunosuppressed patients

19
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • Caused by dimorphic fungi of genus Candida
  • Invade through body fluids as yeast cells, invade through tissues as filaments
  • Main pathogen is Candida albicans
  • Member of normal microbiota (GIT, RT, vag, mouth)
  • Most diverse range of diseases of fungal pathogens
20
Q

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

A
  • Thrush
  • Newborns, weakened immune system
  • Small white flecks on mouth, tongue
21
Q

Intertriginous candidiasis

A

Groin, skin folds, nappy rash

22
Q

Candidal vaginitis

A
  • If normal flora Lactobacillus decreases due to antibiotic
    therapy, oral contraceptives, pregnancy etc.
  • Candida may proliferate, causing yellow discharge from vagina
23
Q

Candidaemia

A

Disseminated disease, mortality can be 50% if invasion of blood stream or visceral organs in immunocompromised

24
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

A
  • Serious infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci
  • Opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts
  • Transmission by inhalation of respiratory droplets, or via sputum
25
Q

PCP symptoms

A
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Fever, cough, chest pain
  • Lesions in lymph nodes
26
Q

Diagnosis of PCP

A
  • Cannot be cultured
  • Chest X ray
  • Sample from lungs
  • PCR
27
Q

Treatment of PCP

A
  • Does not respond to anti-fungal drugs
  • Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
28
Q

Mycotoxins

A

Natural contaminants of many foods and agricultural products (e.g. aflatoxins)

29
Q

Aflatoxin

A
  • Aspergillus spp.
  • Cereals, nuts
  • Liver necrosis, cancer

MICR2209 (26 decks)

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