2.2 Periodic Table

Question 1

Who’s the father of the periodic table?

Answer 1

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 2

Describe the first system of organizing the 62 known elements.

Answer 2

within rows and columns based on increasing mass and similar chemical and physical properties

Question 3

Define Element

Answer 3

– substance that cannot ordinarily be broken down into similar substances
– not destroyed by acids
– not changed by electricity, light, heat

Question 4

Elements have both __ and __ properties

Answer 4

– physical
– chemical

Question 5

How does the arrangement of the modern Periodic Table differ as opposed to earlier?

Answer 5

arranged according to atomic #, not atomic mass

Question 6

Name the three subdivisions of elements on the Periodic Table + their properties

Answer 6

1. Representative elements: both metals and nonmetals
2. Transition elements: metals
3. Lanthanides and Actinides

Question 7

Name the groups + locations within the Representative elements subdivision

Answer 7

– Group 1: Alkali Metals
– Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
– Group 17: Halogens
– Group 18: Noble Gases

Question 8

What are rows on the periodic table called

Answer 8

periods

Question 9

What are columns on the periodic table called

Answer 9

groups/families

Question 10

the elements in each group have similar __ properties

Answer 10

physical/chemical

Question 11

list some defining characteristics of Metals

Answer 11

– malleable
– ductile
– lustrous
– conductive
– positive electric charge

Question 12

list some defining characteristics of nonmetals

Answer 12

– usually brittle
– dull
– non-conductive
– negative charges or neutral

Question 13

Why does Hydrogen appear in both Group 1 and 17?

Answer 13

under certain circumstances can behave as if metallic or non-metallic

Question 14

what is the atomic #

Answer 14

whole # equal to the # of protons in the element’s atom

Question 15

define atomic mass

Answer 15

avg mass of an element’s atom compared to an atom of carbon-12

Question 16

what are the diatomic molecules

Answer 16

H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, At2
– HOFBrINCl

Question 17

define Ionization Energy

Answer 17

energy required to remove an atom or molecule’s valence electron

Question 18

define Atomic Radius

Answer 18

half of the distance b/w the centres of2 atoms of an element thru touch

Question 19

define Electronegativity

Answer 19

measure of the attraction of an atom for the electrons in a chemical bond

Question 20

Elements w/ high ionization energies have __ electronegativities becuz…

Answer 20

– high
– a strong pull exerted on electrons by the nucleus

Question 21

Describe how the atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity behave as u move left to right across the periodic table

Answer 21

– decreases
– increases
– increases

Question 22

Describe how the atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity behave as u move top to bottom in the periodic table

Answer 22

– increases
– decreases
– decreases

Question 23

What is the most metallic group?

Answer 23

Alkali metals

Question 24

Describe some chemical properties of Alkali Metals

Answer 24

– combining capacity: +1
– reactive
– react w/ oxygen to form oxides

Question 25

Describe some chemical properties of Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 25

– combining capacity: +2 – not as reactive as alkali metals – react w/ oxygen to form oxides – react w/ acids to release hydrogen gas

Question 26

Describe some chemical properties of Halogens

Answer 26

– low melting/boiling points – very reactive + poisonous

Question 27

What is the strongest known oxidizing agent?

Answer 27

fluorine

Question 28

List some chemical properties of Noble Gases

Answer 28

– very low melting/boiling points – virtually non-reactive – emit colours when they conduct an electric current

Question 29

List some chemical properties of Transition elements

Answer 29

– metals – hard + dense – high melting/boiling points – good conductors of heat + electricity – vary greatly in chemical reactivity – form many coloured compounds – can have several different combining capacities

Question 30

List some chemical properties of Lanthanides and where on the table they occupy

Answer 30

– atomic #s 57-71 – almost identical chemical characteristics – very reactive – react w/ water to produce hydrogen – combining capacity of +3

Question 31

List some chemical properties of Actinides and where on the table they occupy

Answer 31

– atomic #s 89-103 – radioactive – most are synthetically prepared – no elements preceding uranium occur in nature – relatively short half-lives