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22 - Periodicity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are sodium, magnesium and aluminium atoms?

A

Metals

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2
Q

What are silicon atoms?

A

Metalloids

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3
Q

What are phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine?

A

Non-metals

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4
Q

What are metalloids?

A

Elements whose properties are an intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.

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5
Q

What is argon?

A

A noble gas.

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6
Q

What type of reaction are all reactions of Period 3 elements?

A

Redox

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7
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between sodium and water?

A

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) –> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

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8
Q

What can you see when sodium reacts with water?

A

It is a vigorous reactions where the sodium floats on the surface and fizzes rapidly, melting into a sphere due to the exothermic reaction.

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9
Q

What solution is produced when sodium reacts with water?

A

An alkaline one.

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10
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between magnesium and water?

A

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) –> Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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11
Q

What solution is produced when magnesium reacts with water?

A

Alkaline, but less alkaline than sodium, as magnesium hydroxide is only sparingly soluble.

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12
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between magnesium and steam?

A

Mg(s) + H2O(g) –> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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13
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between aluminium and steam?

A

2Al(s) + 3H2O(g) –> Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g)

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14
Q

Why do reactions with aluminium tend to be slow?

A

There is a strong aluminium oxide layer on the metal.

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15
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between chlorine and water?

A

Cl2(g) + H2O(l) <–> HOCl(aq) + HCl(aq)

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16
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction between chlorine and water?

A

Disproportionation reaction - Chlorine is oxidised and reduced.

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17
Q

How are the oxides of Period 3 elements produced?

A

All the elements except argon are relatively reactive, so their oxide can be prepared by direct reaction of the element with oxygen.

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18
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between sodium and oxygen?

A

2Na(s) + 1/2O2(g) –> Na2O(s)

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19
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

A

2Mg(s) + O2(g) –> 2MgO(s)

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20
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between aluminium and oxygen?

A

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) –> 2Al2O3(s)

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21
Q

What is the formula for the reaction between silicon and oxygen?

A

Si(s) + O2(g) –> SiO2(s)

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22
Q

What colour flame does burning sodium produce?

A

Yellow

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23
Q

What colour flame does burning magnesium produce?

24
Q

What colour flame does burning aluminium produce?

25
What is the formula for the reaction between phosphorous and oxygen?
4P(s) + 5O2(g) --> P4O10(s)
26
What is the formula for the reaction between sulphur and oxygen?
S(s) + O2(g) --> SO2(g)
27
What colour flame does burning sulfur produce?
Blue
28
What are the ionic oxides?
Na2O, MgO, Al2O3
29
What trends are seen across the period with the ionic oxides?
Solubility decreases Melting point increases Lattice dissociation enthalpy increases
30
Why does Al2O3 have such a high melting point?
It has some covalent character, as Al3+ is a very small ion with a high charge it approaches close to the O2- and distorts its electron cloud, creating a degree of shared electron density between the ions.
31
What is the formula for the reaction of sodium oxide with water?
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) --> 2NaOH(aq) <--> 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
32
What is the formula for the reaction of magnesium oxide with water?
MgO(s) + H2O(l) --> Mg(OH)2(s) <--> Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
33
What is the pH of the reaction of sodium oxide with water?
Approximately 14
34
What is the pH of the reaction of magnesium oxide with water?
Approximately 9
35
What solutions do the ionic oxides form in water?
Alkaline
36
What is the formula for the reaction of aluminium oxide with water?
It is insoluble in water.
37
What structure does silicon oxide exist as?
SiO2 exists as a giant covalent structure.
38
What structure does sulphur and phosphorous oxide exist as?
Covalently bonded molecules with weak van der Waals forces between molecules.
39
What is the formula for the reaction of phosphorous oxide with water?
P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) --> 4H3PO4(aq) <--> H+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq)
40
What is the formula for the reaction of sulphur dioxide with water?
SO2(g) + H2O(l) --> H2SO3(aq) <--> H+(aq) + HSO3-(aq)
41
What is the formula for the reaction of sulphur trioxide with water?
SO3(g) + H2O(l) --> H2SO4(aq) <--> H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
42
What is the pH of the reaction between sulphur dioxide with water?
3
43
What is the pH of the reaction between sulphur trioxide with water?
1
44
What is the pH of the reaction between phosphorous oxide with water?
2
45
What is the formula for the reaction of silicon dioxide with water?
Insoluble in water
46
What solution do the covalent oxides form?
Acidic
47
What do the ionic oxides react as?
Bases
48
What is the formula for the reaction of sodium oxide with sulphuric acid?
Na2O(s) + H2SO4(aq) --> Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
49
What is the formula for the reaction of magnesium oxide with hydrochloric acid?
MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) --> MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
50
What is the formula for the reaction of aluminium oxide with hydrochloric acid?
Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) --> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
51
What is the formula for the reaction of aluminium oxide with sodium hydroxide?
Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) --> 2NaAl(OH)4(aq)
52
Why can aluminium oxide react with acids and bases?
It has amphoteric nature.
53
What do the covalent oxides react as?
Acids
54
What is the formula for the reaction of silicon dioxide with sodium hydroxide?
SiO2(s) + 2NaOH(aq) --> Na2SiO3(aq) + H2O(l)
55
What is the formula for the reaction of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide?
H3PO4(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) --> Na3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l)
56
What is the formula for the reaction of sulphur dioxide with sodium hydroxide?
SO2(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> NaHSO3(aq)
57
What is the formula for the reaction of sodium bisulfite with sodium hydroxide?
NaHSO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> Na2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)

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