2.2 Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

Cell Wall

Answer 1

Made out of peptidoglycan
Provides cell with strength + support

Question 2

Slime Capsule

Answer 2

Protective slimy layer which help the cell to retain moisture and adhere to surfaces

Question 3

Plasmid

Answer 3

Circular piece of DNA

Question 4

Flagellum

Answer 4

Tail like structure that allows the cell to move

Question 5

Pilli

Answer 5

Hair-like structures which attach to other bacterial cells + allow plasmids to move from cell to cell

Question 6

70S Ribosomes

Answer 6

Site of protein synthesis

Question 7

Mesosomes

Answer 7

Infoldings of the inner membrane which require enzymes for respiration

Question 8

Gram +ve Cell Wall

Answer 8

Has a thick layer of peptidoglycan
Stains get trapped in the cell wall
Larger target site for antibiotics

Question 9

Gram -ve Cell Wall

Answer 9

Has a thin layer of peptidoglycan
Stains don’t get trapped

Question 10

Magnification

Answer 10

How big an image is compared to its original size

Question 11

Resolution

Answer 11

How clear an image is when magnified

Question 12

Types of Microscope

Answer 12

Light
Scanning Electron
Transmission Electron

Question 13

Scanning Electron

Answer 13

Beam of electrons scans the sample
Produces a 3D image

Question 14

Transmission Electron

Answer 14

Electrons are transmitted through an object
Produces a 2D image

Question 15

Advantages of Electron Microscopes

Answer 15

Higher Resolution + Magnification

Question 16

Disadvantages of Electron Microscopes

Answer 16

Very Expensive + not portable

Question 17

Advantages of Light Microscopes

Answer 17

Cheaper + Portable

Question 18

Disadvantages of Light Microscopes

Answer 18

Lower Resolution + Magnification

Question 19

What is Staining

Answer 19

provides a contrast between the organelles + cytoplasm
Allows structures to be observed

Question 20

Lytic Life Cycle

Answer 20

1) Virus binds to cell
2) Virus injects its genetic material into the host cell
3) Viral DNA replicates
4) Cell lysis occurs
5) Host cell dies

Question 21

Lysogenic Life Cycle

Answer 21

1) Virus binds to cell
2) Virus injects its genetic material into host cell
3) Virus DNA becomes dormant
4) Cell division takes place
5) Virus is reactivated and the virus will continue onto the lytic cycle

Question 22

DNA Viruses

Answer 22

Lambda Phage

Question 23

RNA Viruses

Answer 23

Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Ebola

Question 24

RNA Retroviruses

Answer 24

HIV

Question 25

Focus of Disease Control

Answer 25

Preventing the spread of the disease

Question 26

Ethical Implications of Untested Drugs

Answer 26

Difficult to obtain consent Unknown Side Effects May not be as effective as the current treatment

Question 27

Controlling the Spread of Disease

Answer 27

Fast identification of the disease Nursing in Isolation Sterilising + Disposing of equipment

Question 28

Drugs Fast Tracked

Answer 28

Severity of the Disease Availability of other treatments Freedom of choice over participation