220-1101 Hardware 3.4

Question 1

What is a motherboard?

Answer 1

Printed circuit board that contains computer components and provides connectors. Is the central communication backbone connectivity point and is going to be used by all the other components. And external peripherals to interconnect and transfer data back and forth between themselves.

Question 2

Four Basic Functions of a Computer?

Answer 2

Input, Output, Processing, Storage,

Question 3

Computer Input?

Answer 3

Process of accepting data in a form that the computer can use.

Question 4

Computer Output?

Answer 4

Process of displaying the processed data or information.

Question 5

Computer Processing?

Answer 5

Actions performed by the CPU when receiving information. Processing is conducted by the CPU or the GPU.

Question 6

Computer Storage?

Answer 6

Storage process of saving or retaining digital data, temporarily or permanently.

Question 7

Types of Computer Storage?

Answer 7

Temporary Storage/Non-persistent Storage, and Permanent Storage or Persistent Storage.

Question 8

Temporary Storage/Non-persistent Storage?

Answer 8

The data held in this type of storage is going to be lost anytime the computer is powered off. Non-persistent storage speed is fast.

Question 9

Permanent Storage/Persistent Storage?

Answer 9

Refers to hard disk drives, solid state drives, USB flash drives and type backup drives methods of storing data outside of the CPU or RAM. Is persistent because the data is preserved even if the computer is turned off. Note this type of data can be overwritten. Persistent storage speed decreases rapidly.

Question 10

What is Megahertz(MHz) and Gigahertz(GHz)

Answer 10

The speed that which data is transferred across the motherboard.

Question 11

Motherboard Form Factor describes what?

Answer 11

Describes the shape, layout, the type of case, and power supply that can be used with that particular motherboard, as well as the number and type of adapter cards that can be installed within the motherboard.

Question 12

Motherboard Form Factors

Answer 12

ATX, Mini-ATX, Micro-ATX/mATX, and ITX/Mini-ITX

Question 13

Advanced Technology eXtended(ATX)

Answer 13

Full-size motherboard and measures 12” x 9.6” in size (305mm x 244m). Came out in 1990s, considered a full size motherboard. Only works in larger towers and cases.

Question 14

Mini-ATX

Answer 14

Smaller than ATX but contains the same features measuring at 11.2” x 8.2”/ 284mm x 208mm. Won’t see mini-ATX used very often, because it is not really that much smaller than the ATX board and so ATX is much more popular.

Question 15

Micro-ATX/mATX

Answer 15

Measures at 9.6 inches squared (244mm x 244mm). Has all the same features as an ATX except that it only has 4 expansion card slots unlike the ATX which has 7 expansion card slots.

Question 16

Information Technology eXtended (ITX or Mini-ITX)

Answer 16

Measures at 6.7”x 6.7” with only one expansion slot (170mm x 170mm) . ITX was designed as a replacement for the ATX but never produced and went straight to mini-ITX.

Question 17

Types of Mini-ITX

Answer 17

Nano-ITX, Pico-ITX, Mobile-ITX. These form factors don’t have a designated shape or size because they are built for embedded systems and portable devices.

Question 18

What is a CPU?

Answer 18

Central Processing Unit or which is commonly referred to as the processor, is the brains of your computer.

Question 19

The Three main CPU Architectures

Answer 19

X86(IA-32) made by Intel 32-bit processor, (X64) runs both 64, and 32 bit progrmas, (ARM) Used for tablets and cell phones.

Question 20

The two manufacturers of CPUs in desktop computing

Answer 20

Intel, AMD

Question 21

What is a ZIF socket

Answer 21

Zero Insertion Force. Inserts the CPU without pressing down and giving no pressure. This allows you to insert the CPU without having to press down on it.

Question 22

Types of CPU Sockets

Answer 22

Land Grid Array(LGA) male socket, and Pin Grid Array(PGA) female socket

Question 23

Motherboard Socket Architecture types

Answer 23

Single(one socket, one processor mainly on desktop), and Multi-socket(multiple sockets, multiple processors, mainly seen on servers)

Question 24

Intel Desktop Socket Designs

Answer 24

LGA 2011, 1151, 2066

Question 25

AMD Desktop Socket Designs

Answer 25

AM2,3,4

Question 26

What is the CPU feature SMT?

Answer 26

Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT)/Hyper-Threading. Single stream of instructions is being sent by a software application to a processer. Mainly seen in desktop computers

Question 27

CPU feature Multiple Parallel Threads(MMT)

Answer 27

Manufacturers developed a way to allow software to run multiple parallel threads at the same time. Allows a processor to perform multiple things at once or at the same time.

Question 28

Multi-core Processor

Answer 28

A single CPU with multiple processors inside of it. Multiple processors have multiple cores inside the CPU.

Question 29

Types of Multi-Core Processors

Answer 29

Dual-Core(two CPUS inside a single CPU, Quad(Four CPUs), Hexa(Six CPUs), Octa(Eight CPUs)

Question 30

What is Virtualization?

Answer 30

Being able to emulate that there’s hardware there that really doesn’t exist. The ability to have a computer pretend that it’s running multiple other computers inside of itself. Allows running multiple systems on a single physical host.

Question 31

Types of Virtualization tech

Answer 31

VT(Intel), AMD-V(AMD). Both provide processor extensions to support virtualization.

Question 32

Second Level of Virtualization

Answer 32

These are second level address translation of SLAT feature of software virtualization that are then underlying and supported by that hardware processor to allow better virtual memory management. Gives you increased performance when it comes to using memory inside of a virtual machine.

Question 33

Types of second level virtualization

Answer 33

Extended Page Table(EPT)-Intel, Rapid Virtualization Indexing(RVI)-AMD.

Question 34

Seven Steps to installing a motherboard.

Answer 34

1.Review the motherboard’s documentation 2. Position the motherboard to align with rear of case 3. Insert the standoffs to match the hole locations for the motherboard 4. Install the processor and memory modules before installing the motherboard 5. Verify the standoffs are properly aligned prior to installing the motherboard 6. Secure the standoffs using the appropriate screw type 7. Install the power supply, disk drives, add-on cards, and other components.

Question 35

Old types of expansion slot/port types:

Answer 35

PCI(32-bit expansion slot developed in the 90’s), PCI-X(64-bit), AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port- made for video graphics cards in the 90’s to handle 3D gaming)

Question 36

Modern types of expansion slot/pot types:

Answer 36

PCIe(PCI Express- Replaced all old types common now, sizes x1,4,8,16), Mini PCIe(Standard for laptops for wireless networking)