2.2.1 molecular bonding Flashcards
condensation reaction
reaction that occurs when 2 molecules are joined together with the removal of water
hydrogen bond
weak interaction that can occur wherever molecules contain a slightly negative charged atom bonded to a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom
hydrolysis reaction
reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into 2 smaller molecules with addition of water
monomer
small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer
polymer
large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers
what do atoms consist of
nucleus (P & N) surrounded by shell of electrons
when are atoms stable
when outer shell is full (eg. 8 electrons)
what’s a covalent bond
when atom’s share electrons with other atoms so the outermost shell can be ‘filled’
–> it becomes strongly bonded with the other atom
what way do most condensation reactions occur
when 2 -OH groups reaction together
what does a condensation reaction involve
breaking & forming of covalent bonds
what is it called when 2 monomers join together
a dimer
carbohydrates:
- atoms contained
- type of monomer
- type of polymer
- carbon, hydrogen & oxygen (C, H, O)
- monosaccharides (eg. glucose)
- polysaccharides (eg. starch)
proteins:
- atoms contained
- type of monomer
- type of polymer
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & sulphur (C, H, O, N, S)
- amino acids
- polypeptides & proteins
nucleic acids:
- atoms contained
- type of monomer
- type of polymer
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & phosphorous (C, H, O, N, P)
- nucleotides
- DNA & RNA
what does water consist of
2 hydrogen atoms, both covalently bonded to 1 oxygen atom
