2.2.2 structure types

Question 1

Monatomic substances

Answer 1

Group 0 elements

Question 2

Simple molecular substances

Answer 2

Elements: H2 O2 N2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 S8 P4

Compounds: non-metal with non-metal

Question 3

Giant covalent substances

Answer 3

Elements: Si, diamond, graphite, graphemes

Compounds: SiO2

Question 4

Ionic substances

Answer 4

Compounds: metal and non-metal

Question 5

Metallic substances

Answer 5

Elements: Metals

Question 6

Monatomic structure

Answer 6

Individual atoms with very weak forces between them

Question 7

Simple molecular structure

Answer 7

Lots of individual molecules with weak forces between the molecules

(the atoms within molecules are joined by covalent bonds)

Question 8

Giant covalent structure

Answer 8

Lattice structure in which all atoms are joined together in a giant network by covalent bonds

Question 9

Ionic structure

Answer 9

Lattice structure of positive and negative ions

The ions are held together by the strong electrostatic attraction between the + and - ions, known as ionic bonding

Question 10

Metallic structure

Answer 10

Lattice structure of metal atoms where the outer shell electrons from each atom are delocalised

There is a strong attraction between the positive nucleus of the atoms and the cloud of negative delocalised electrons (metallic bonding)

Question 11

Monatomic bonding

Answer 11

None

Question 12

Simple molecular bonding

Answer 12

Covalent (within molecules)

Question 13

Giant covalent bonding

Answer 13

Covalent

Question 14

Ionic bonding

Answer 14

Ionic

Question 15

Metallic bonding

Answer 15

Metallic

Question 16

Simple molecular formula (molecular)

Answer 16

Gives number of atoms of each type in one molecule

E.g. glucose C6H12O6

Each molecule contains 6C, 12H and 6O atoms

Question 17

Monatomic empirical formula

Answer 17

Just the symbol

E.g. Ar

Question 18

Simple molecular formula (empirical;)

Answer 18

Gives ratio of atoms in substance

E.g. glucose CH2O

Ratio of C:H:O atoms is 1:2:1

Question 19

Giant covalent formula (empirical)

Answer 19

Gives ratio of atoms in substance

E.g. SiO2

Ratio of Si:O atoms is 1:2

Question 20

Ionic formula (empirical)

Answer 20

Gives ratio of ions in substance

E.g. MgCl2

Ratio of Mg2+:Cl- ions is 1:2

Question 21

Metallic formula (empirical)

Answer 21

Just the symbol

E.g. Fe

Question 22

Monatomic M&BP

Answer 22

Very low due to very weak forces between atoms

Question 23

Monatomic

Higher M&BP occur when

Answer 23

The heavier the atoms, the stronger the forces between the atoms, resulting in higher M&BP

Question 24

Simple molecular M&BP

Answer 24

Low due to weak forces between the molecules

The atoms within the molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds, but these do not break when molecules melt/boil

Question 25

Simple molecules higher M&BP occur when

Answer 25

The stronger the intermolecular forces

Question 26

Giant covalent M&BP

Answer 26

Very high due to large amount of covalent bonds

Question 27

Giant covalent Higher M&BP occur when

Answer 27

The stronger the covalent bonds

Question 28

Ionic M&BP

Answer 28

High due to strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 29

Ionic Higher M&BP occur when

Answer 29

The smaller the ions and the higher the charge on the ions the stronger the attraction between the positive and negative ions

Question 30

Metallic M&BP

Answer 30

High due to strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised negative electron

Question 31

Metallic Higher M&BP occur when

Answer 31

The smaller the ions, the higher the charge on the ions the more delocalised electrons, the stronger the metallic bonding

Question 32

Monatomic conductivity

Answer 32

Do not conduct Contain no mobile ions or electrons

Question 33

Simple molecular conductivity

Answer 33

Do not conduct Contain no mobile ions or electrons

Question 34

Giant covalent conductivity

Answer 34

Diamond, Si, SiO2 Do not conduct as they contain no mobile ions or electrons Graphite, graphene Conduct as delocalised electrons carry charge through structure

Question 35

Ionic conductivity

Answer 35

Solids Do not conduct as ions are not mobile Liquids and solutions Conduct as mobile ions carry charge through structure

Question 36

Metallic conductivity

Answer 36

Conduct as delocalised electrons carry charge through structure

Question 37

Monatomic solubility (aq)

Answer 37

Insoluble

Question 38

Simple molecular solubility (aq)

Answer 38

Insoluble (usually)

Question 39

Giant covalent solubility (aq)

Answer 39

Insoluble

Question 40

Ionic solubility (aq)

Answer 40

Soluble (usually)

Question 41

Metallic solubility (aq)

Answer 41

Insoluble