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ASC261 > Reproductive behaviour > Flashcards

Reproductive behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Reproductive behaviour is…

A

obligatory component in repro

one of strongest drives in animal kingdom

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2
Q

Ultimate aim of reproductive behaviour?

A

To increase probability of sperm & egg union via copulation

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3
Q

3 goals of reproductive behaviour…?

A

Pregnancy
successful embryogenesis
parturition

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4
Q

Stages of sexual behaviour in male…?

A

precopulatory stage
copulatory stage
postcopulatory stage

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5
Q

Stages of sexual behaviour in female…?

A

attractivity
proceptivity
receptivity

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6
Q

Outline precopulatory behaviour (males)…

A

search for partner -> courtship -> sexual arousal -> erection -> penile protrusion

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7
Q

Outline copulatory behaviour (males)…

A

mounting -> intromission -> ejaculation

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8
Q

Outline postcopulatory behaviour (males)…

A

dismount -> refractory period -> memory

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9
Q

Difference in sexual behaviour between males vs females?

A

female sexual activity confined to oestrus (heat)

males are ready any time!

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10
Q

Typical search/courtship/consummation behaviour in bovines (male/female)…

A

Bull: approach sexual females & test for lordosis, flehmen/nuzzling, licking perineal region, testing for lordosis/penile protrusion & dribbling seminal fluid, erection, attempted mounts
Cow: ++locomotion & vocalisation, elevation of tail/ ++grooming & attempted mounting with other females/ homosexual mounting & standing to be mounted

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11
Q

Typical search/courtship/consummation behaviour in equines (male/female)…

A

Stallion: visual search & flehmen/++excitement/ penile protrusion NO EXPULSION OF SEMINAL FLUID
Mare: ++ locomotion & tail raised/ urination in presence of stallion/presents hindquarters to male, clitoral exposure (labial eversion), pulsatile contractions of labia

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12
Q

Typical search/courtship/consummation behaviour in ovines (male/female)…

A

Ram: sniffing & licking genital region, nudging ewe, flehmen/ neck outstretched head horizontal/repeated dorsal elevation of scrotum, penile protrusion NO EXPULSION OF SEMINAL FLUID
Ewe: short period of restlessness (ram seeking)/urination in presence of ram/ immobile stance

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13
Q

Short copulators?

A

bull, ram, tom

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14
Q

Inermediate copulators?

A

stallion

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15
Q

Sustained copulators?

A

boar, dog, camelids

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16
Q

Define emission

A

movement of seminal fluid from accessory sex glands -> pelvic urethra

17
Q

Volume of ejaculate in ram/bull/stallion…?

A

0.8-1ml/3-5ml/75-120ml

18
Q

describe copulation in dogs (out loud)

A

slide 17

19
Q

What is refractivity? dependent on…?

A

sexual satiation dependent on:

  1. sexual rest prior to cop.
  2. age of male
  3. spp of male
  4. degree of female novelty
  5. no. of past ejaculations
20
Q

What is recovery?

A

restimulation after refractivity

21
Q

Reproductive behaviour is programmed when?

A

during prenatal development

22
Q

Neural pathways eliciting reproductive behaviour…

A
  1. SENSORY (visual, olfactory, auditory, tactile) -> 2. HYPOTHALAMUS reacts to sensory signals & sex hormones (E2) & neurons produce behaviour specific peptides -> 3. MIDBRAIN receives peptides & speeds up impulses -> 4. MEDULLA intergrates postural adaptation for lordosis & mounting -> 5. SPINAL CORD generates signals to specific muscles for lordosis & mounting
23
Q

Mechanism of penile erection…

A
  1. erotogenic stimuli causes sensory nerves to fire -> 2. stimulate repro. behavior center in hypo. -> 3. stim. of parasymp. nerves innervate penis -> 4. parasymp. nerve terminals release NO -> 5. NO initiates biochemical cascade -> ERECTION
24
Q

Penile erection requirements…

A 
\++ arterial blood flow
dilation of corporal sinusoids
restricted venous outflow
\++ intrapenile pressure
relaxation of retractor penis muscle
25
Q

In a flaccid penis…

A

NANC (NO) pathway inhibited

Adrenergic neurons uninhibited

26
Q

In erect penis…

A

NANC (NO) pathway uninhibited

Adrenergic neurons inhibited

27
Q

Nerve pathways resulting in emission & ejaculation…

A
  1. intromission -> 2. sensory stimulation of glans penis (temp/pressure) -> afferent -> spinal cord -> efferent (motor) neurons -> 3. powerful contractions of urethralis, bulbospongiosus & ischiocavernosus muscles -> 4. expulsion of semen
28
Q

List 2 ways of manipulating repro. behaviour…

A
  1. introduce novel stimulus (Coolidge effect)

2. change stimulus settings

29
Q

Explain ways to maximise sperm output per ejaculate…

A
  • manual deviation of penis to prevent intromission (false mounting)
  • prevent mounting (restraint) 2-3 minutes
    combine both for max output
30
Q

In dairy bulls max sperm output how?

A

1 false mount, 2 mins restraint, 2 false mounts -> ejaculate

31
Q

In beef bulls max sperm output how?

A

3 false mounts but no restraint -> ejaculate

ASC261 (17 decks)

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