Semen morphology & defects

Question 1

What are the types of morphological defects…? compensable/uncompensable?

Answer 1

detached heads (compensable)
cytoplasmic droplets - proximal (uncompensable)
distal mid-piece reflex (compensable)
diadem effect (uncompensable)
pyriform heads (uncompensable)

Question 2

Detached heads…?

Answer 2

due to senescence

indicator of inflamm or heat stress

Question 3

Proximal cytoplasmic droplets…?

Answer 3

fail to bind to zona pelucida

Question 4

distal mid-piece reflex…?

Answer 4

compensable
most common defect in spermiogram
due to abnormal epididymal environment

Question 5

Diadem defect…?

Answer 5

occurs during spermatogenesis

uncompensable

Question 6

Pyriform heads…?

Answer 6

during spermatogenesis
often in young over-fat stallions
uncompensable
small & narrow heads

Question 7

Characteristics of primary abnormalities…

Answer 7

develop during spermatogenesis

Question 8

Characteristics of secondary abnormalities…

Answer 8

develop during epididymal transport

Question 9

Compensable abnormalities…?

Answer 9

can be compensated by ++ insemination dose - DO NOT INHIBIT NORMAL SPERM

Question 10

Uncompensable abnormalities…?

Answer 10

can not be compensated by ++ insemination dose - DO INHIBIT NORMAL SPERM

Question 11

When is compensable/uncompensable classification valuable?

Answer 11

for frozen semen processing