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Bacteriology > Multisystem Infections > Flashcards

Multisystem Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between opportunistic and professional pathogens?

A

Opportunistic typically invade when there is a breakdown of the innate immune system either physical barriers or compromised.
Professional pathogen overcoming barriers is essential to their survival and biology.

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2
Q

Which organisms are intracellular?

A

Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, and Rickettsia

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3
Q

Which organisms are extracellular?

A

Borrelia and Treponema Pallidum

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4
Q

What is the difference between Transstadial transmission and Transovarial?

A

Transstadial transmission is when the bacterium stays with the vector throughout stages in the vectors life cycle (nymph to adult).
Transovarial is when the vector transfers the organism to its offspring without them having to get independently infected.

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5
Q

Why are certain incidences of infections higher during particular parts of the year?

A

Both changes to human activity and vector activity.

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6
Q

What are all the possible bactrium pathogens Ixodes Scapularis can transmit?

A

Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, Lyme Disease, and Babesiosis

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7
Q

Where does Anaplasmosis reproduce and what kind of cell?

A

Anaplasmosis invade Neutraphils and reproduce in the vacuoles. Late Endosomes

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8
Q

What are characteristics about Anaplasmosis?

A

Large wildlife reservoir, gram negative, obligate intracellular, No LPS/peptidoglycans, and type IV secretion. Disrupt function of neutraphils.

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9
Q

What regions have the highest incidence of Anaplasmosis rate?

A

Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Far North East.

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10
Q

How are Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis similar?

A

They both are intracellular obligate, reproduce in the vacuole, no LPS/Peptidoglycans, and have IV secretion.

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11
Q

What type of cells do Ehrlichiosis usually invade?

A

Monocytes and reproduce in the vacuole. Early Endosomes

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12
Q

How do Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis effect the innate immune cells?

A

They disrupt the vesicle transfer in the innate defenses they invade causing them to be less effective.

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis and how can you diagnose?

A

Nonspecific fever/chills, HA, and thrombocytopenia/leukopenia. Variable severity worse in older/compromised people. Diagnosed by blood smear - identifying Morulae (infection colony inside PMN/Macro)

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14
Q

How do you treat Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis once diagnosed?

A

Doxycyline orally. (Rifampin as back up)

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15
Q

What is the common agent causing Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii. Ticks are the source, even from dogs.

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16
Q

Where are the highest incidence of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

OK, MO, AK, TN, NC

17
Q

What is an important difference between Rocky Mountain Fever and Anaplasmosis/Ehrlichiosis?

A

Rickettsiosis are transferred both by Transovarial and Transstadial. The larvae can be infected when they are born. Also RMSF has LPS and Peptioglycan.

18
Q

How does Rickettsiosis replicate?

A

Invades endothelial cells and moves within replicating in the cytoplasm.

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

1 week of incubation. Generalized symptoms fever, malaise, HA, Abd pain, nausea, and anorexia.
3-5 days afterwards a rash that starts at the ankles/wrists/forehead and spreads that is macule turning into patechiae.

20
Q

How can you diagnose Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

There is no test to confirm diagnosis. Can test labs for thrombocytopenia, procoagulant, leukopenia, etc and clinical judgement/history. Treat with Doxycyline.

21
Q

Where are the highest incidence of Ehrlichiosis?

A

MO, OK, AK, TN, KY, NC, VN +WI

22
Q

What is the agent that can cause Lyme Disease?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi.

23
Q

What are characteristics of Borrelia Burgdorferi?

A

Very small gram negative spirochete, No LPS, antigenic variation and complement evasion. extracellularly.
Takes minimum 36 hours of feeding for Borrelia to be transferred.

24
Q

What are the early clinical signs of Lyme a day or two after infection?

A

A erythemous lesion at the site of the bite that is greater than 5cm diameter. “Bullseye”

25
Q

What are early disseminated symptoms of Lyme Disease?

A

Fever, body aches, Facial palsy, and Heart Block.

26
Q

What are specific late manifestations of Lyme Disease?

A

Arthritis primarily and swelling of the joints.

27
Q

Where does Borrelia Burgdorferi replicate?

A

Extracellularly.

28
Q

How do you treat Lyme disease and diagnose?

A

You diagnose primarily by symptoms and lesion, but can test serology IgM and IgG (except abs remain forever). Treat with Doxycyline.

29
Q

What regions is Lyme most prevalent during when?

A

Primarily the Northeast and some in the northern midwest in the summer months.

30
Q

What agent causes Syphilis? Who are primarily infected?

A

Treponema Pallidum. Homosexual men. Human only pathogen.

31
Q

What are primary symptoms of syphilis?

A

Painless lesion on the genitals about 10-90 days after encounter. Highly infectious.

32
Q

What are secondary symptoms of syphilis?

A

Between 6weeks and 6 months, diffuse nonitchy rash on the body including palms and soles. Lasting 4-12weeks

33
Q

How long can syphilis be latent for?

A

Years to decades before tertiary symptoms.

34
Q

What are the tertiary symptoms of Treponema Pallidum?

A

Wide spread tissue destruction/lesions, neurologic symptoms, Gummas lesions (destruction of bone/skin), and aortic aneurysms.

35
Q

Why is Treponema dangerous to women?

A

It can be passed on the children in utero causing an array of disabilities to the unborn child. Usually in women who do not have prenatal care.

36
Q

How do you diagnose and treat Syphilis?

A

Serology testing and Long Acting Penicllin.

37
Q

What are the virulence factors of Borrelia?

A

Antigen Variation, Complement inactivation, binding fibronectin, plasminogen activation/penetrating cells

38
Q

What are the virulence factors of Treponeme Pallidum?

A

Antigen Variation, Tissue Invasion with proteases

Bacteriology (14 decks)

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