Bacterial Toxins

Question 1

What are two ways bacteria can cause disease in humans?

Answer 1

Due to their invasiveness and/or toxigenicity.

Question 2

What are the 4 kinds of toxins?

Answer 2

1. Surface Acting Toxin
2. Pore Forming Toxin
3. A/B Toxins
4. Type III/IV Secretion injected toxins.

Question 3

What organisms’ toxin ADP-Ribosylate EF2 and what toxin is it?

Answer 3

Dipthera and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

Diptheria Toxin and Exotosin A

Question 4

What organisms have a protease of SNARE proteins?

Answer 4

C. Tetani and C. Botulinum - TeNT/BoNT

Question 5

What organisms Glucosylate Rho proteins?

Answer 5

C. Difficle toxins

Question 6

What toxin deadenylates adenine on RNA?

Answer 6

Shiga toxin, inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 7

How does dipthera toxin become active?

Answer 7

Secreted as a protoxin and has a disulfide bond cleaved producing the active A and B parts.

Question 8

What is the effect of the dipthera toxin?

Answer 8

Becomes endocytosed into the cell and then the A-subunit gets into cytoplasm and ribosylate EF2, preventing protein synthesis, locally around infection site in upper respiratory tract.

Question 9

How is diptheria used in vaccines?

Answer 9

Can be used in vaccines as a conjugate to induce a T-cell dependent response linked with a capsular protein (or something else with repeating units) for stronger response.

Question 10

What is a saprophyte?

Answer 10

Bacteria that is free living and no associated with any disease. ie. Bacillus spp