Unit 3

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

causes infection

Question 2

Fungi

Answer 2

yeast/mold

infect mouth, feet, vagina

Question 3

Protozoa

Answer 3

one-celled animals

blood, brain, intestines

Question 4

Rickettsiae

Answer 4

spread by insects

fleas, ticks, mosquitoes

Question 5

Viruses

Answer 5

live in cells

cold, herpes, HIV, influenza

Question 6

Infection

Answer 6

when pathogens invade & grow in body

Question 7

Medical Asepsis

Answer 7

practices to reduce & control spread of microbes

Question 8

Surgical Asepsis/Sterile Technique

Answer 8

practices to eliminate all microbes

Question 9

Localized Infection

Answer 9

limited to part of body
may be red, swollen, and warm
may have drainage

Question 10

Systemic Infection

Answer 10

pathogen in bloodstream & infects whole body

fever, chills, mental confusion

Question 11

Healthcare-Associated Infection

Answer 11

infection acquired in healthcare setting

Question 12

HAI spread through

Answer 12

direct & indirect contact

Question 13

Body fluids that spread pathogens

Answer 13

tears
saliva
sputum
urine
semen
feces
vaginal secretions
pus or wound drainage
vomit

Question 14

Microbes live and grow in

Answer 14

warm, dark, moist place in susceptible person & where food is present

Question 15

Infectious Disease

Answer 15

caused by pathogen

Question 16

Communicable disease

Answer 16

passed from person to person

Question 17

Noncommunicable

Answer 17

not able to be spread

Question 18

Chain of infections

Answer 18

Organism -> reservoir -> portal of exit -> transmission -> portal of entry -> vulnerable host -> organism…
If one link is broken, transmission can be prevented

Question 19

1: Organism (Causative Agent)

Answer 19

Pathogen that caused infection

Prevention: vaccines

Question 20

2: Reservoir

Answer 20

Where organism lives & grows

Prevention: Keep surfaces clean and dry

Question 21

3: Portal of Exit

Answer 21

opening of infected person allowing pathogen to leave

Prevention: Bandaide’s, cover mouth & nose when coughing

Question 22

4: Mode of Transmission

Answer 22

How pathogen travels

Prevention: Washing hands

Question 23

5: Portal of Entry

Answer 23

how pathogen enters host

Prevention: wear gloves

Question 24

6: Vulnerable Host

Answer 24

One exposed & has low resistance to illness

Prevention: healthy lifestyle

Question 25

Why elderly are susceptible

Answer 25

hospitalized more often
more serious infections with longer recovery
skin is thinner, tears easily, dry
limited mobility
catheters
malnutrition
dehydration

Question 26

Normal flora

Answer 26

normal bacteria that is helpful to the body when they stay where they’re supposed to

Question 27

Mucous Membranes

Answer 27

line body cavities open to outside of body
ex. mouth, nose, urinary, genital, gastrointestinal tract
if dry or cracked, can be portal of entry
-air humidifier
-lip moisturizer
-mild soaps
-good fluid intake

Question 28

Standard Precautions

Answer 28

used with everyone you care for
wash hands
wear gloves

Question 29

When to Wash Hands

Answer 29

when arrive at work
before, between, after personal contact
before gloves, after gloves
before & after passing meal trays or feeding
before entering clean supply
before getting clean linen
before leaving dirty supply room