Lecture 7.2

Question 1

Plant-hopper insect has the fastest accelerating mechanism in the animal kingdom using a ______

Answer 1

gearing system

Question 2

What are two model imputs for motion models of the human body?

Answer 2

Motion capture and EMG data

Force-plate data

Question 3

Constant activity of the calf muscles will cause a child to constant walk on their…

Answer 3

toes

Question 4

A surgical intervention for a patient who walks on their toes is to…

Answer 4

Lengthen Achilles tendon

Question 5

What is the idea of skin motion artefact?

What is a means around it?

Answer 5

when a marker is placed on the skin, the skin itself. THis means it is not an accurate measurement of how the bones are moving and interacting

Pins can be placed in the bones to get more accurate measurements - But can’t be used on knee

Question 6

Why is accurate motion of bones important to study in biomechanics?

Answer 6

Develop contact models - can see the stress distribution of joints - imporatnt for diseases like osteoarthritis

Question 7

What is Bi-plane X-ray Fluoroscopy?

Answer 7

takes video x-ray at high speed

Two planes of X-ray creates 3D information

Question 8

Muscles that are positioned further from a joint of rotation, have _____ moment arms, ___ leverage and torque

Answer 8

Muscles that are positioned further from a joint of rotation, have larger moment arms, larger leverage and torque

Question 9

The stabilising or destabilising potential of a muscle is determined by its ___ of _____

Answer 9

The stabilising or destabilising potential of a muscle is determined by its line of action

Question 10

tendon excursion can be used to measure ___ ____

Answer 10

moment arms

Question 11

The supraspinatus has a large capacity to elevate the arm in early _______

Answer 11

The supraspinatus has a large capacity to elevate the arm in early abduction

Question 12

In abduction, deltoid leverage happens ___

Answer 12

late

Question 13

positive moment arms are _____, negative are _______

Answer 13

positive moment arms are abductors, negative are adductors

Question 14

rotator cuff tears and lack of use of shouldar can lead to _________

Answer 14

osteroartritis

Question 15

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is…

Answer 15

is a prosthetic joint replacement

the anatomy is reversed however (ball on end of humerus)

Question 16

The reversed anatomy ____ the moment arms of the shoulder muscles, what does this mean for joint movements?

Answer 16

The reversed anatomy increases the moment arms of the shoulder muscles, what does this cause?

Less force is required to move the arm - more leverage

Question 17

As we rotate our arms, the scapula moves with the ______

Answer 17

As we rotate our arms, the scapula moves with the humerus

Question 18

Which muscles moment arm (leverage) is increased significantly in Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is…

Answer 18

deltoid

Question 19

There was reduced joint _____, improved ______and _______ in Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty surgery

Answer 19

There was reduced joint dislocation, improved stability and function in Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty surgery

Question 20

the line of action of the deloid is more superiorly inclined in Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty surgery

This means more superior force in the shoulder - the loading is upward meaning it wants to…

Answer 20

the line of action of the Deltoid is more _____inclined in Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty surgery

This means more ______force in the shoulder - the loading is _______meaning it wants to pull the implant out of the scapula = FAILURE

Question 21

The smallest, most fragile vertebrae are _______

Answer 21

superior

Question 22

Normal motion of the neck involves…

Answer 22

complex coupled rotations of segments in all 3 planes of motion

Question 23

The transverse and spinous processes act to ______ the moment arm of the muscles that attach to them

Answer 23

The transverse and spinous processes act to increase the moment arm of the muscles that attach to them

Question 24

every muscle has a _______ moment arm in the neck

Answer 24

every muscle has a different moment arm in the neck

Question 25

What is needed to realistically model a muscle’s torque capacity?

Answer 25

To realistically model a muscles torque capacity, its individual sub-regions(origins/insertions) must be considered for each joint in which they span