Paediatric haematology Flashcards
Anaemia causes
Reduced production / iron deficiency / malignant infiltration of the one marrow / increased breakdown (haemolytic anaemia) / loss of RBCs
Anaemia Hx
Reduced feeding / sob / lethargy / pallor
Commonest cause of bone marrow infiltration in a child
Leukaemia
Aplastic anaemia
Unexplained bone marrow failure. Caused by radiation and chemotherapy
What blood test will be increased when RBCs are broken down
Bilirubin / LDH
What is iron deficiency usually defined as?
Microcytic hypochromic
E. coli 0157
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome - when children go to petting zoos
Thalassaemia
Microcytic, hypochromic anaemia. Also conduct electroporesis
Common cause of iron deficient anaemia
Periods / Coeliac disease / Hook worm
Hereditary spherocytosis
Autosomal dominant. Early onset jaundice. Risk of haemolytic or aplastic anaemia. One of the parents may have had a splenectomy
Thalassaemia
Beta-thalassaemia major. Faltering growth, infections.
Sickle cell crisis
Bone pain. Pleuritic chest pain. Cerebral infarction. Liver infarction. Splenic infarction. Aplastic crisis
Management of sickle cell
Exchange transfusion (change bad cells for good cells) / Bone marrow transplantation
Features of G6PD deficiency
Neonatal jaundice. Chronic Haemolysis and anaemia. Acute Haemolysis
History of a child bruising easily
Bleeding gums. Epistaxis. Menstrual history. Bleeding in response to trauma. Bleeding after dental extraction.
