Immunizations

Question 1

What is a live attenuated vaccine? Examples?

Answer 1

live microbes that are weakened by growing them for many generations in animals or tissue cultures
examples: oral polio, MMR, zoster

Question 2

What is an inactivated vaccine? Examples?

Answer 2

where the whole organism has been killed - stimualtes the immune system but does not cause disease
examples - polio, influenza, hep A

Question 3

What is an inactivated toxin vaccine?

Answer 3

Some bacteria use toxins to cause disease, so these are just inactivated toxin - no bacteria
examples: tetanus, diptheria

Question 4

What is a subunit vaccine?

Answer 4

A vaccine that only uses a part of the bacterium or virus.

Examples - tyhpoid, hep B

Question 5

What is a conjugate vaccine? Examples?

Answer 5

A vaccine that links proteins form a second organism to the outer coat of a bacteria - it allows a baby’s immune system to recognize the bacteria
ex - HIB

Question 6

What is an edible vaccine?

Answer 6

Genetically engineered potatoes, bananas and tomatoes that when eaten will initiate an immune response against hamrgul intestinal bacterial and viruses
ex - e. coli enterotoxin and rabies

Question 7

What is an example of a plantibody (antibody made in a plant)?

Answer 7

vaccine against strep mutans (which causes cavities)

Question 8

What are the valid reasons NOT to give a vaccine?

Answer 8

1. anaphylactic reactions
2. prior high fever
3. immunodeficiency
4. pregnancy
5. significant acute illness

Question 9

What is the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in nursing home residents?

Answer 9

50-60% effective in preventing pneumonia and hospitalizations
60-70% effective in preventing death
NOT effective in reducing outpatient care visits for respiratory problem

Question 10

Who should get flu vaccines?

Answer 10

everyone

Question 11

What are the flu vaccine contraindications?

Answer 11

anaphylactic hypersensitivity to eggs, allergy to himerosol, history of guillain-barre, acute febril conditions (Delay until symptoms abate)

Question 12

How many deaths are caused by pneumonococcal pneumonia yearly?

Answer 12

40,000 (causes 10-20% of bacterial pneumonias0

Question 13

What’s the common side effect of the pneumococcal vaccine?

Answer 13

up to 50% have local erythema and soreness

Question 14

How often should people be revaccinated against pneumonococcal pneumonia?

Answer 14

ever 5 years for IF initial immunization was before 65 (and for patient swith chronic renal failure, nephrotic syntrome, transplanted organs or asplenia)

Question 15

Who should be given the Hep A vaccine?

Answer 15

travelers to high risk areas like mexico, south america, africa, south east asia, etc.
high risk populations like injection drug users
individuals with chronic liver disease
military personnel
maybe health care providers

Question 16

How often should you get a booster of Tdap?

Answer 16

every 5-10 years

Question 17

How old do you have to be to receve one dose of the varicella zoster vaccine?

Answer 17

60

Question 18

What’s the risk for cervical HPV infections?

Answer 18

50% within first 5 years of sexual contact and over 80% lifetime!

Question 19

WHen should girls be vaccinated for HPV?

Answer 19

11-12 years odl (and consider for 13-26 yr olds regardless of whether sexually active or not)