OS III, Ex II, Taste

Question 1

Where are taste receptor cells found? 4

Answer 1

Tongue surface, soft palate, pharynx and epiglottis

Question 2

Name the 4 tongue papillae

Answer 2

Filiform, fingiform, circumvillate, foliate

Question 3

Filiform

Answer 3

no taste buds, they are for touch, pain and temp

Question 4

Fungiform

Answer 4

anterior pink dots that can contain more than one taste bud

Question 5

Circumvillate

Answer 5

inverted V near back of tougue

Question 6

Foliate

Answer 6

side and posterior of tongue, they are located in trenches on side

Question 7

what is a taste bud?

Answer 7

onion shaped structures with 50-100 taste receptor cells

Question 8

what does each receptor have to respond to chemicals?

Answer 8

microvili that project through the taste pore so they can respond to chemicals

Question 9

Original concept of taste?

Answer 9

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami,

Question 10

What are the new flavors?

Answer 10

astringency, pungent, fat, starch, metallic

Question 11

How are receptor cells tuned to taste?

Answer 11

Receptors have microvili that can detect lots of flavors but a majority of them are tuned to just one.

Question 12

How are the taste regions of the toungue divided

Answer 12

now it?s the region has groups of taste buds tunned moslty to a specific taste

Question 13

who is morelikly to be a super taster?

Answer 13

women, asians, africans, southamericans.

Question 14

what causes supertasting?

Answer 14

increased number of fungiform (pink dots) papillae

Question 15

what two things do molecules interactwith to create taste?

Answer 15

1) ionchannels, 2) membrane receptors that trigger 2nd messenger

Question 16

what flavors uses ion channels

Answer 16

salty and sour

Question 17

What flavors use second messenger?

Answer 17

sweet, bitter, umami

Question 18

What can our perception of multiple tastes come from?

Answer 18

activation of multiple cell types each with different selectivly expressed receptors.

Question 19

How do taste neuros and smell neurons differ?

Answer 19

smell neurons are specific to certain scents, taste neurons are not specific and can repspond to many different taste, sweet salty etc.

Question 20

What can modulate taste reception?

Answer 20

local peptices, like Glucagon like peptide (GLP1)

Question 21

What releases glucagon like peptide?

Answer 21

Taste cells release GLP 1 and its receptor in response to food

Question 22

What tdoes GLP1 do?

Answer 22

alters responsivity to taste, makes us more sensitive to sweet and less so to umami.

Question 23

what three cranial nerves play a role in taste?

Answer 23

CN VII - Facial, CN IX - glossopharyngeal, CN X- palate and epiglottis

Question 24

where to taste neurons project to in medulla?

Answer 24

the solitary nuculeus

Question 25

Where does taste go after the solitary nucleus?

Answer 25

ipsolaterally (opposite) to thalamus (ventral posteriro medial nucleus)

Question 26

From the thalamus where does taste go?

Answer 26

to limbic cortex

Question 27

So path of taste?

Answer 27

Tongue, CN VII, IX,X, to solitary N., thalamus, libic cortex

Question 28

where is the primay taste cortex?

Answer 28

insula, between temporal and frontal lobe

Question 29

What does the insula do for taste?

Answer 29

identification and intensity, discrimative aspect of taste

Question 30

OFC received input from where ?

Answer 30

From the insula about taste and from the piraform cortex and amygdala for smel

Question 31

What is the OFC, orbitofrontal cortexes role in taste?

Answer 31

appreciation of flavor, reward, feeding corntol, integrates all sensations associated with

Question 32

What part of brain helps us decide if we are going to eat food or not?

Answer 32

orbitofrontal cortex