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Hugh's MD1 Abdominal > GIT Histology > Flashcards

GIT Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the enteric nervous system?

A

Sensory neurones

Motor neurones

Interneurones

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1
Q

What class of cells are in the anal mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous

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2
Q

What do paneth cell secrete?

A

Anti-microbial peptides

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2
Q

Are sinusoids derived from hepatic arteries or portal veins?

A

Both

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3
Q

Do hepatocytes have microvilli?

A

Yes

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4
Q

How is the portal lobule model defined?

A

By the direction of bile flow - towards the hepatic triads

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5
Q

What is contained in the lamina propria?

A

CT

Nerves

Small vessels

Immune cells

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5
Q

What is the direction of the 3rd layer of muscle in the stomach?

A

Oblique - changes over the course of the stomach

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5
Q

Name 5 functions of the liver

A

Absorption of fat

Production of proteins

Detoxification

Metabolism

Storage

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5
Q

What does the liver store?

A

Iron

Some vitamins

Glycogen

Glucose

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6
Q

What the capillaries of the liver called?

A

Sinusoids

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7
Q

How are lobules divided?

A

They are defined by their blood supply

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7
Q

Which part of pancreatic cells is darker?

A

Basal

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8
Q

What is the function of the central vein?

A

Drain blood from the sinusoids into the hepatic veins

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8
Q

What makes the basal region of pancreatic cells darker?

A

Rough ER

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9
Q

What does the rough ER of hepatocytes do?

A

Protein synthesis

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11
Q

What distinctive features does the ileum have?

A

Peyer’s patches

Short villi

Lots of goblet cells

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11
Q

What class of cells are in the gall bladder?

A

Simple columnar absorptive

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12
Q

What is the connective tissue of the liver called?

A

Stroma

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13
Q

What do the Islets of Langerhan produce?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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14
Q

What are the layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosae

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15
Q

What is contained in the submucosa?

A

Vessels

Nerves

Small ganglia

Sometimes: Immune cells

Glands

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15
Q

How do sinusoids differ from capillaries?

A

Larger

Have discontinuations in their endothelium

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15
Q

What are macrophages that interface with hepatocytes called?

A

Kupfer cells

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16
Q

What is the functions of enterocytes?

A

Fluid transport/absorption

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17
Q

What are the common layers of the GIT?

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis externa

Serosa/adventitia

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18
Q

What is the structure of pancreatic acini?

A

Ball of cells around a central duct

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20
Q

Where in the GIT are enterocytes found?

A

Small intestine

Colon

Appendix

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22
Q

Where are the neuronal components for controlling smooth muscle activity?

A

Myenteric ganglia

23
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds hepatocytes?

A

Reticular fibres

24
Q

What is exceptional about hepatocytes?

A

They can have multiple nuclei

They have prominant smooth and rough ERs

They have many mitochondria

25
Q

What is the lifespan of a hepatocyte?

A

150 days

26
Q

What does the smooth ER of the liver do?

A

Fat and steroid metabolism

28
Q

T/F The jejunum has Peyer’s patches?

A

False, they don’t yo

29
Q

Why are their striated muscle cells in the upper oesophageal muscularis externa?

A

Because swallowing has corticol control

30
Q

What is the name of the sphincter at the major duodenal papilla?

A

The sphincter of Oddi

31
Q

What percentage of the pancreas is endocrine?

A

1-2%

33
Q

What direction due muscle fibres of the muscularis externa lie?

A

Circumferential on the inner layer

Longitudinal on the outside

34
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Store bile

Concentrate bile by removing water and salts

35
Q

What determines whether the outer layer will be adventitia or serosa?

A

Adventitia is present where organs are connected to each other

Serosa is present where organs lie against each other

36
Q

What are the three generations of folding in the small intestine?

A

Plica circulares

Villi

Microvilli

37
Q

What do Brunner’s glands secrete?

A

Alkaline mucous to neutralised stomach acid and digestive enzymes

39
Q

What do inter-neurones do?

A

Control the intrinsic reflexes

40
Q

How can you tell a hepatic artery from a hepatic portal vein?

A

Hepatic arteries are more circular while hepatic portal veins have a thinner wall

42
Q

T/F the large intestine is just the colon?

A

False, it includes in the rectum and anal canal

43
Q

What is the name of the endocrine glands of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhan

44
Q

In terms of plica circulares and villi, how would you describe the duodenum?

A

Low plica circulares

Long villi

45
Q

What is the main feature of secretory mucosa (eg stomach mucosa)

A

Long pits of glands

46
Q

T/F Each portal triad supplies one lobule

A

False, each supplies many

47
Q

What is the composition of blood in sinusoids?

A

80% deoxygenated

20% oxygenated

48
Q

What makes the lumenal part of pancreatic cells lighter?

A

Zymogen granules of inactive enzymes

49
Q

What class of cells is the serosa?

A

Simple squamous

50
Q

What cause the gall bladder to contract and the sphincter of Oddi to relax?

A

CCK

51
Q

How is the acinar lobule model defined?

A

By the relative amounts of O2 and metabolites - less towards the central vein

52
Q

What are reticular fibres composed of?

A

Type I/III collagen

53
Q

What are the channels that collect bile called?

A

Canaliculi

55
Q

Cf to the small intestine, how many Paneth cells does the large intestine have?

A

It has less

56
Q

What lies inbetween the muscle layers of the muscularis externa?

A

Myenteric ganglia (small ganglia)

58
Q

What is the submosa?

A

Dense, irregular connective tissue

59
Q

What is the function of the muscularis mucosae?

A

Facilitate mixing

60
Q

What are the 4 cell types of the gastric pits? What do they secretion?

A

Mucous cells - mucous

Parietal cells - acid

Enteroendocrine cells - hormones (gastrin)

Chief cells - pro-enzymes (pepsinogen)

61
Q

What class of cell make up the epithelium of the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

63
Q

The structure of Brunner’s glands could be described as …?

A

Very coiled

64
Q

What are crypts?

A

Tubular glands in between villi

65
Q

Approximately how big are the lobules of the liver?

A

0.7mm x 2mm

66
Q

How is the classic lobule model defined?

A

By the direction of blood flow with the central vein in the middle

67
Q

What is a space of Disse?

A

Discontinuation of endothelium of a sinusoid

68
Q

What percentage of the products of digestion are absorbed in the small intestine?

A

85%

69
Q

Given the contents of the large intestine is more solid, what types of cells does it have more of?

A

Goblet cells

70
Q

What does the portal triad contain?

A

Hepatic portal vein

Hepatic artery

Bile duct

Lymphatic

71
Q

How you can tell a bile duct from a vessel in the portal triads?

A

They have a simple columnar endothelium

Hugh's MD1 Abdominal (21 decks)

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