23 & 24 Flashcards
What was the dominant social class during the 19th century?
Answer: The bourgeoisie or middle class.
What is nationalism?
Answer: Nationalism is the belief that people who share a common language, culture, history, or territory should have their own state or nation.
What is liberalism?
Answer: Liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedom, the rule of law, and limited government intervention in the economy.
What is conservatism?
Answer: Conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes traditional values, institutions, and beliefs, and is often resistant to change.
What is socialism?
Answer: Socialism is a political and economic ideology that advocates for the collective ownership and control of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
What is communism?
Answer: Communism is a political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless society and the collective ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
What was the Concert of Europe?
Answer: The Concert of Europe was a system of international relations in the 19th century that aimed to maintain the balance of power and prevent major conflicts between European nations.
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?`
Answer: Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian general and nationalist who played a key role in the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Answer: Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian statesman who played a key role in the unification of Germany in the 19th century and served as its first chancellor.
What was the Crimean War?
Answer: The Crimean War was a conflict fought between Russia on one side and an alliance of France, Britain, and the Ottoman Empire on the other over control of the Black Sea region.
What was the Paris Commune?
Answer: The Paris Commune was a socialist and revolutionary government that controlled Paris from March to May 1871, before being brutally suppressed by the French government.
Who was Karl Marx?
Answer: Karl Marx was a German philosopher and economist who developed the theories of communism and socialism, and is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the 19th century.
What was the Russian Revolution of 1917?
Answer: The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social uprisings in Russia that led to the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of the Soviet Union.
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
Answer: Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary and communist who led the Bolshevik Party to power during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and served as the first head of the Soviet Union.
What was the Dreyfus Affair?
Answer: The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal in France in the late 19th century involving the wrongful conviction and imprisonment of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish army officer, for espionage.
Who was Queen Victoria?
Answer: Queen Victoria was the queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901, and her reign is known as the Victorian era, a time of great social, economic, and cultural change in Britain.
Who was Charles Darwin?
Answer: Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which has had a profound impact on our understanding of biology and the natural world.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Answer: Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness that emphasizes the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.
Who was the architect of German unification?
Answer: Otto von Bismarck
Which European nation was the first to industrialize?
Answer: Great Britain
What was the name of the British political party that emerged in the 19th century to represent the interests of the working class?
the labour party
What was the name of the Italian nationalist movement that sought to unify Italy under one government?
Answer: Risorgimento
Who was the French emperor who oversaw the construction of the Paris sewers and public parks?
Answer: Napoleon III
What was the name of the German philosopher who wrote extensively about nationalism and the state?
Answer: Johann Gottfried Herder
Which European country saw the rise of the liberal “Young Turks” movement in the late 19th century?
Answer: Ottoman Empire
What was the name of the Russian Tsar who emancipated the serfs in 1861?
Answer: Alexander II
What was the name of the British queen who reigned for much of the 19th century?
Answer: Queen Victoria
Which European country was known as the “sick man of Europe” in the 19th century?
Answer: Ottoman Empire
What was the name of the French political movement that sought to establish a republic and overthrow the monarchy?
Answer: French Revolution
Which European nation annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908?
Answer: Austria-Hungary
What was the name of the Belgian king who oversaw the colonization of the Congo in the late 19th century?
Answer: Leopold II
Which European country saw the rise of the nationalist Sinn Fein movement in the late 19th century?
Answer: Ireland`
What was the name of the German philosopher who wrote about the concept of the “will to power”?
Answer: Friedrich Nietzsche
Who was the founder of modern nursing?
Answer: Florence Nightingale
